JRS, > But, just perhaps, the now common practices of computer > programming are beyond anything that Wittgenstein ever saw or > understood. I suspect he understood an amount that might surprise our contemporaries - from discussions with Turing, from Ramsey's exposing him to ideas from Peirce (such as the type/token distinction) whose ideas have been a big influence on computer science terminology, and from exposure to ideas in the Brentanian tradition, the Vienna Circle, et al, which also have influenced computer science. > Have you read Ruth Garrett Millikan? Not firsthand but only by way of references elsewhere. Is "Biosemantics" the term you were searching for? > Now, is type/token significantly different from "grammar"? Well, > it's a question of the programming language grammar for such > things. Then what? I'm not sure I understand the question. The type/token distinction in semiotics can be used to draw distinctions we might wish to make in a grammatical investigation. And it is a distinction people would make in various ways on an ad hoc basis in various contexts anyway, so I'd certainly say it's part of grammar. The type/token distinction as a notion of classes and instances is certainly something that is a part of our grammar - the grammar of formal theories in logic and set theory, in various classificatory schemes in the sciences, and in ordinary English. JPDeMouy ========================================= Need Something? Check here: http://ludwig.squarespace.com/wittrslinks/