"If John is a bachelor, then John is not married." -- one reply: this is a tautology. A simplified version would be, "If john is not married, then john is not married." No wonder there are no counter examples. -- another reply: counter-example is Tiger Woods. The true point is this: You cannot deploy family resemblance ideas in formal logical statements. What that really says is "If the bearer-John is a sense of "bachelor," then the bearer-John is not a sense of 'married.' (It doesn't follow). See Tiger. ========================================= Need Something? Check here: http://ludwig.squarespace.com/wittrslinks/