[tinwhiskers] Re: [RoHSUSAPushback] WG: E-Mail schreiben an: 120825.htm
- From: "John Burke" <john@xxxxxxxxxxx>
- To: <RoHSUSAPushback@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, <Engelmaier@xxxxxxx>, <tinwhiskers@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>, <henning.w.leidecker@xxxxxxxx>, <jay.a.brusse@xxxxxxxx>
- Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2008 09:29:33 -0700
Hi Klaus,
That email broke up. Please re-send as a link to the article.
Thanks,
John
John Burke
(408) 515 4992
_____
From: RoHSUSAPushback@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
[mailto:RoHSUSAPushback@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Klaus Reindl
Sent: Tuesday, August 19, 2008 9:13 AM
To: Engelmaier@xxxxxxx; RoHSUSAPushback@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx;
tinwhiskers@xxxxxxxxxxxxx; henning.w.leidecker@xxxxxxxx;
jay.a.brusse@xxxxxxxx
Subject: [RoHSUSAPushback] WG: E-Mail schreiben an: 120825.htm
.Water on the mills of RoHSUSPushback.
Klaus G. Reindl
rRC
Reliable Reliability Consulting
Seitenhalde 108/2
D 72793 Pfullingen
xx49 7121 799533
klaus-reindl@ <mailto:klaus-reindl@xxxxxxxxxxx> t-online.de
_____
Von: Klaus Reindl [mailto:klaus-reindl@xxxxxxxxxxx]
Gesendet: Dienstag, 19. August 2008 18:10
An: 'John Burke'; 'RoHSUSAPushback@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx';
'tinwhiskers@xxxxxxxxxxxxx'; 'Henning Leidecker'; 'Brusse, Jay A.
(GSFC-560.0)[QSS]'
Cc: Karl Schmidt
Betreff: E-Mail schreiben an: 120825.htm
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OPINION
Problems Implementing The Restriction of Hazardous Substances
August 17, 2008
<http://desicritics.org> paul7anderson
If we are to believe the <http://www.wikipedia.org/> Wikipedia article
"Restriction of Hazardous Substances", it has been a big success. However,
<http://www.wikipedia.org/> Wikipedia articles need not have any reliability
as they reflect the views of the last one to edit them, and that can be
anyone. It might be useful to look at the facts regarding a very
controversial aspect of this directive. The directive required that solder
contain less than 0.1% lead. This simple directive was issued without
consideration of all of the consequences. The proof of that statement is
that there is NO evidence that all the consequences were considered. Even
before the 2006 EU ban, most manufacturers made the switch in advance due to
shelf-life of products and need to work out problems with the new material.
There have been problems. Serious problems.
Often, the removal of lead from solder has been by replacing it with SAC305
which is 96.5 % tin, 3.0 % silver and 0.5% copper. The increased in tin
content will increase the use of tin by about 11,000 tons a year. The world
production of tin is roughly 300,000 tons. This 3 or 4% increase is small
but in context of estimates of the exhaustion of the world's tin deposits in
20 -40 years, it is worth considering. ("How Long Willl it Last" {May 26,
2007} New Scientist 194 :38-39)
Another part of the problem with removing lead from solder is the loss in
reliability of electronic devices. Lead solder made tough, flexible (not
brittle) joints that were resistant to mechanical shocks. None of the
replacements have anywhere as good mechanical properties. Dropping a cell
phone accidentally is common, but now it is much more likely to die.
Removing lead from solder has brought a new problem into play. Tin without
lead grows whiskers, crystalline filaments. These filaments can and do
produce random short-circuits. They have destroyed billions of dollars worth
of satellites. They have created incidents at nuclear power plants
including a false shut-down command at the Millstone nuclear reactor at
Millstone, Connecticut. NASA and other agencies have documented many cases
where tin whiskers have been responsible for failure of electronic
equipment. However, most electronic equipment failure is just accepted as a
matter of fact and no effort is made to pin point the actual cause of
failure. In truth, many failures are the result of mechanical shock or tin
whiskers. NASA scientists have verified this but manufacturers prohibit a
public release of the information. The manufacturers don't want you to know.
The NASA website <http://nepp.nasa.gov/whiskers>
http://nepp.nasa.gov/whiskers gives scientific facts about what we know and
what we don't know about them or what causes them. The bottom line is that
no one fully understands what causes them. We do know that a few percent
lead will prevent them. At the present time, in the absence of tin, we can
not estimate when tin whiskers will form. They might form in a few months
and in other cases can take ten or more years. They adversely affect the
reliability of electronic devices. Their random behavior has made research
very difficult.
It is well established that lead is harmful when ingested. It might be
argued that any lead in the environment is bad. Eleven thousand tons is a
lot of lead. However, 11,000 tons compared to 3 or 4 million tons of lead
used is rather small, About 88% of lead is used in storage batteries, 3% is
used for ammunition, glass and ceramics use 3%, casting metals about 2% and
sheet lead about 1%. Solder used to consume about 0.5 %. That's all:
one-half of one percent. The havoc caused by using one-half-of-one-percent
less cannot be justified by any stretch of the imagination.
Most of the lead ingested by humans originated from leaded gasoline. Leaded
paint is still a major source of lead for humans, particularly that coming
from China. Several Ayurvedic medicines have large quantities of lead. Some
forms of cosmetics have a lot of lead. There was a time when tinned cans
were soldered. This resulted in contamination of the food. Even today, there
is some lead in the tin used to plate tin cans and this leaches into the
food. Canned pineapple, fruit cocktail and canned tomatoes have lead levels
in excess of the legal maximum of fifty parts per billion, and the food
manufacturers know this. Why is nothing being done about lead in our food,
and yet this witch-hunt for lead in electronics? Who eats their computer?
There is a published account of children getting lead from lead fishing
sinkers stored on the floor on which they played. Workers working with lead
are known to accumulate lead in their bodies. The proper design of the work
place should greatly reduce this. The cost of properly designed work spaces
is trivial compared to the $38 billion and climbing cost of removing lead
from solder. (
<http://ap.pennnet.com/Articles/Article_Display.cfm?ARTICLE_ID=329119&p=36&d
cmp=APKNews> Technology Forecaster Inc.)
Lead poisoning is difficult to diagnose. Most commonly, diagnosis is done by
measuring the lead content of the blood. It might be of slight interest that
in most of the cases of lead poisoning due to herbal remedies described in
PubMed, the doctors are outside India describing patients who have taken
Indian medicines.
To summarize, adding lead back into solder will greatly increase the
reliability of electronic devices. The effect on humans is small compared to
the other sources of lead. The effect on humans can be mitigated by properly
designed work spaces.
What should be done? The first thing that must be done is the recognition
that the removal of lead from solder was unwise. It was a mistake taken
without considering the total costs and consequences. In the United States,
it might be possible to require an Environmental Impact Report before any
lead-free devices could enter the country. I do not know that any was ever
done before electronics without lead were imported. That was clearly a
mistake. It should be remedied now.
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Problems Implementing The Restriction of Hazardous Substances
Article
* > Published on August 17, 2008
* > Type: Opinion
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o BizTech: Science,
o Politics: Laws
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