Russell, Windows 7 Professional, Windows Vista Business or windows XP Professional obtained through a Volume License upgrade, when purchased on top of a qualifying operating system license (i.e. for their existing PCs) has all the limitations of a full packaged product (FPP) license. FPP can be used for VDI if: 1) The physical server on which the virtual desktop is installed is assigned to 1 user. This is obviously nuts, but it is legal. 2) You assign a FPP to a device, and you use that device to access to the VM *under the condition that* you don't move that VM around. It can only be present on 1 server. So - no vmotion/xenmotion or load balancing. So - for every device that has an OEM windows license that you've "upgraded" with your volume license that counts as 1 license to access a VM, but that VM can only go on 1 server. So - for your PCs, you could leave them as is with these caveats above - point 2 is important. You might consider that OK; you might only have 1 main server or accept that each user's VM will only be available from 1 server. Each of the thin clients (as they don't have an OEM license assigned) needs to have a VDA license. As does any corporate smartphone/tablet. Bear in mind your VDA license is a cost per device, per year. You may consider that pt 2) is a PITA - you can solve that by getting SA for those VLs. With VDA & SA you get (drum roll Animal please.) . Install Windows 7/Windows Vista/Windows XP virtual machines on any combination of hardware and storage . Unlimited movement between servers and storage . Access corporate desktop images from non-corporate owned Windows-based PCs (home use, but not those deluded Mac users. splitters) . The primary user of a Windows VDA device has extended roaming rights, which means that the Punter can access their VDI desktop from any device outside of the corporate environment, such as a home PC or an internet kiosk (even if they have a Mac) . Eligibility for other Software Assurance products, such as MDOP and Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs . Single Windows VDA license allows concurrent access for up to 4 VMs . Reassignment rights to another device after 90 days, or in the case of end-point failure . Dynamic desktop licensing enabled through KMS/MAK activation & indeed, access to Enterprise versions of Windows. . Unlimited backups of both running and stored VMs (woo) . Includes Software Assurance (SA) benefits such as 24x7 call support, training vouchers, trips to disney land*, rocket ships to mars* etc. Note the "outside of the corporate environment" - a roaming license lets your punter use their VDA/SA license to access their desktop from their tablet/smartphone *until they bring it into the office* - then it needs a license. Again, nuts - but Be Aware. Links? Licensing Windows for Virtual Desktops Whitepaper: http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t <http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCwQFjAB&url=http%3A% 2F%2Fdownload.microsoft.com%2Fdownload%2FC%2F6%2F7%2FC673E444-6DDD-40B8-B29F -625354F2A8F7%2FLicensing_Windows_for_Virtual_Desktops_Whitepaper.pdf&ei=JH2 jTaD5BcOxhAez2dz1BA&usg=AFQjCNFVSHX_5GZICVF8-ceOdEdNasKWFg> &source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCwQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdownload.microsoft.com%2Fdow nload%2FC%2F6%2F7%2FC673E444-6DDD-40B8-B29F-625354F2A8F7%2FLicensing_Windows _for_Virtual_Desktops_Whitepaper.pdf&ei=JH2jTaD5BcOxhAez2dz1BA&usg=AFQjCNFVS HX_5GZICVF8-ceOdEdNasKWFg Licensing VDI for Microsoft Desktops - is it rocket science? http://www.virtualizationpractice.com/blog/?p=9389 Applications and OS Licensing: Remote Access and Roaming Use: http://tonymackelworth.wordpress.com/2011/03/17/applications-and-os-licensin g-remote-access-and-roaming-use/ hth . * these items may not be true but could be added once MS run out of ideas. From: thin-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:thin-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Russell Robertson Sent: 11 April 2011 20:20 To: 'thin@xxxxxxxxxxxxx' Subject: [THIN] VDA License required for XP Pro Hello I have a client who is looking at rolling out XP via XD5. My query is, do they need a VDA license for XP Pro? It would be delivered to both desktops PCs and thin clients. The client has Windows 7 via Select Agreement. No SA. They don't want to roll out Win 7 yet due to app compatibility so that's not an option. Anyone done this already? Pointers to MS documents would be great. Thanks Russell Russell Robertson | Virtual Stream