A simple answer to your question (from memory): Field simulators usually give three impedances, Zpi, Zvi, and Zpv. Zpi: Calculated from the power through the port and integration of magnetic current in a loop around the port. Useful for microstrip, stripline, and coaxial. Zpv: Calculated from the power through the port and integration of the E-field voltage along a user-specified path or "calibration line", typically from the conductor to ground. Useful for coplanar waveguide. Zvi: The geometric mean of Zpi and Zpv. Never very useful for me. Non-FEM solvers might use a different approach, but the results generally agree, so they probably use the same approach. -- Daniel Gunyan ----- Original Message ----- From: "Sam Sam" To: si-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [SI-LIST] Re: PCB Trace impedance algorithms Date: Tue, 23 Jan 2007 21:03:35 -0500 (EST) Dear all, Thanks for all your answers. I will definitely go over the references you mentioned to help me more. John, I understand full wave field solvers provide accurate answers compared to formulas at the cost of the computational time. How is the impedance calculated from the field solutions? If i calculate my scattering parameters, is it possible to find the impedance of the trace from that? As you mentioned allegro uses BEM field solver, they should be able to calculate the impedance matrices to do that? ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.net List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu