One thought to add to this: Many engineers grow up thinking "voltage," but not "current." Then when applying the old rules (which probably made a lot of sense before ground planes!), they got to thinking that the objective must be to keep the digital noise *voltage* out of the analog ground. When in reality the problem may be keeping the return currents separated, in places where they need to be. Many Analog/Digital ICs have separate analog and digital ground pins, but recommend connecting them together to the same ground plane under the IC. Sharing the same pin(s) would have allowed the currents to co-mingle, which then causes undesirable voltage drops in the package. Sometimes, not enough (if any) attention is paid to noticing where the currents go. It's the currents that make electricity work. Regards, Andy ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List FAQ wiki page is located at: http://si-list.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Si-List_FAQ List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu