[nasional_list] [ppiindia] Boomerang penyakit 'sapi gila' dan 'flu burung'
- From: Mira Wijaya Kusuma <la_luta@xxxxxxxxx>
- To: sastra pembebasan <sastra-pembebasan@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Mon, 27 Feb 2006 09:23:09 -0800 (PST)
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Perkembangan eksplosif yang menggelobal atas perpindahan industri peternakan
ke negara berkembang ternyata disebabkan oleh peningkatan serta pengetatan
Undang-undang kebijakan "Agro Industri Peternakan" pemerintah di Eropa dan
Amerika. Para pengusaha industri peternakan yang dinilai tidak memenuhi
persaratan peraturan pemerintahannya dianggap secara mudah memindahkan
industri peternakannya ke Negara yang sedang berkembang.
Padahal Negara Berkembang di nilai tidak memiliki kebijakan serta peraturan
ketat seperti di negara Eropa dan Amerika. Sehingga proses peningkatan
globalisasi industri peternakan sekaligus berdampak pada proses penyebaran
global penyakit "sapi gila" dan "Flu burung" . Dalam hal ini sistim domino
efek penyakit 'sapi gila' dan 'flu burung' menjadi Boomerang yang nyatanya
telah menjalar sampai di daratan Eropa.
Menurut informasi targets.org pengembangan produksi Peternakan yang
menggelobal lantaran metode industri peternakan mengandalkan produksi massa
konsumsi karena dianggap mampu menawarkan sistim produksi yang lebih efisien
dan murah-meriah serta bisa menjadi meledak dalam melipat gandakan produksi
daging Sapi, Babi, ayam dan Kalkun. Juga dianggap pula mampu mengeruk jumlah
nilai keuntungan lebih tinggi... Selanjutnya mengenai sebab dan akibat lainnya
dari ekses "Agro Industri Peternakan Global" silahkan baca Informasi Doc.
berjudul "Avian flu: blame factory farming, says report" .
La Luta Continua!
***
Sumber: http://www.peopleandplanet.net/doc.php?id=2539
Avian flu: blame factory farming, says report
Posted: 29 Sep 2005
Since the latest outbreak of avian flu began in Southeast Asia in 2003,
public health officials and the media have referred to the threat as a
?natural" disaster. However, avian flu, mad cow disease, and other emerging
diseases that can jump from animals to humans are symptoms of the spread of
factory farming, according to a new report from the Washington-based Worldwatch
Institute.
Factory farms are breaking the cycle between small farmers, their animals,
and the environment, causing damage to human health and local communities, says
Worldwatch Researcher, Danielle Nierenberg in the report entitled Happier
Meals: Rethinking the Global Meat Industry. She says this dangerous fallout
requires a new approach to the way animals are raised.
The report notes that the greatest rise in industrial animal operations is
occurring near the urban centres of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, where high
population densities and weak public health, occupational, and environmental
standards are exacerbating the impacts of these farms. Concentrated animal
feeding operations (CAFOs) account for more than 40 per cent of world meat
production, up from 30 per cent in 1990. Once limited to North America and
Europe, they are now the fastest growing form of meat production in the world.
"If [Upton Sinclair's] The Jungle were written today, it would not be set in
the American Midwest," says Nierenberg. "As environmental and labour
regulations in the European Union and the United States become stronger and
more prohibitive, large agribusinesses are moving their animal production
operations overseas, primarily to countries with less stringent enforcement."
Industrial systems today generate 74 per cent of the world's poultry products,
50 per cent of all pork, 43 per cent of beef, and 68 per cent of eggs. While
industrial countries dominate production, it is in developing nations where
livestock producers are rapidly expanding and intensifying their production
systems.
Host of problems
"Factory farms were designed to bring animals to market as quickly and cheaply
as possible. Yet they invite a host of environmental, animal welfare, and
public health problems," says Nierenberg.
Among the leading concerns cited in the report are:
Crowded, inhumane, and unhygienic conditions on factory farms can sicken farm
animals and create the perfect environment for the spread of diseases,
including avian flu, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, or mad cow
disease), and foot-and-mouth disease.
Factory-farmed meat and fish contain an arsenal of unnatural ingredients, among
them persistent organic pollutants (POPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
arsenic, hormones, and other chemicals. Overuse of antibiotics and other
antimicrobials in livestock and poultry operations, meanwhile, is undermining
the toolbox of effective medicines for human use.
Factory farming is resource intensive: producing just one calorie of beef takes
33 per cent more fossil-fuel energy than producing a calorie of potatoes. Eight
ounces of beef can require up to 25,000 litres of water, while enough flour for
a loaf of bread in developing countries requires only 550 litres.
Despite the fact that fisheries worldwide are being fished out, about a third
of the total marine fish catch is utilized for fish meal, two-thirds of which
is used to fatten chickens, pigs, and other animals.
Only about half of all livestock waste is effectively fed into the crop cycle;
much of the remainder ends up polluting the air, water, and soil.
Lower meat prices
Global trade and advertising, lower meat prices, and urbanisation have helped
make diets high in animal protein a near-universal aspiration, writes
Nierenberg, noting that the world price of beef per 100 kilograms has fallen to
roughly 25 percent of its value 30 years ago. Meat consumption is rising
fastest not in the United States or Europe, but in the developing world. From
the early 1970s to the mid-1990s, meat
consumption in developing countries grew by 70 million tons, nearly triple the
rise in industrial countries.
Other trends concurrent with the global spread of factory farming include:
The number of four-footed livestock on Earth at any given moment has
increased 38 per cent since 1961, from 3.1 billion to more than 4.3 billion,
while the global fowl population has quadrupled since 1961, from 4.2 billion to
17.8 billion birds.
In Europe, more than half of all breeds of domestic animals that existed a
century ago have disappeared, and 43 per cent of remaining breeds are
endangered. As developing countries continue their climb up the protein ladder,
the genetic stock of their livestock is eroding as higher-producing industrial
breeds crowd out indigenous varieties.
The true costs of factory farming are not reflected in the low price consumers
currently pay for meat. Environmental and health effects - such as rising
antibiotic resistance and cardiovascular disease-are absent from most
assessments of the costs and benefits of this growing trend.
Exploring new approaches
Addressing the ill effects of factory farming will require a different approach
to the way we raise animals, says Nierenberg. Positive initiatives include
educating consumers about the benefits of organic and grass-fed livestock and
of vegan and vegetarian diets; supporting small-scale livestock production;
encouraging producers to adopt alternative production methods; and improving
occupational and welfare
standards for both animals and industry workers.
In response to intensifying consumer demands and other factors, several food
companies and international policymaking and funding institutions are exploring
new approaches to the business of food. In the United States, McDonald's
Corporation and Whole Foods Market have introduced more comprehensive animal
welfare standards in the past decade.
In 2001, the World Bank reversed its previous commitment to fund large-scale
livestock projects in developing nations, acknowledging that there was a
significant danger of crowding out smaller farmers, eroding the environment,
and threatening food safety and security. Also, in June 2005, the 167 member
countries of the World Organization for Animal Health unanimously adopted
voluntary standards for the humane transportation and slaughter of animals.
While many in the agribusiness industry have embraced food irradiation and
genetic engineering of livestock as solutions to the myriad problems caused by
factory farming, such technology-based responses are often merely stopgap
measures, says Nierenberg. "These end-of-the-pipe remedies are certainly
innovative, but they don't address the real problem. Factory farming is an
inefficient, ecologically disruptive, dangerous, and inhumane way of making
meat."
Worldwatch Paper 171: Happier Meals costs $7 plus shipping and handling, and
can be purchased through the Worldwatch website (www.worldwatch.org) or by
calling .888.544.2303 (in U.S.) or .570.320.2076 (from overseas), or by faxing
570.320.2079.
Information about KUDETA 65/ Coup d'etat '65, click: http://www.progind.net/
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