>>That is not btw why there's an 'A' and a 'B' - they are there simply so they can they be deployed as shorthand signs for the propositions they are stated to denote, propositions that do not differ "from speaker to speaker" but remain constant or invariant in their content. Donal, it's structured as dialog, a phone call maybe. A calls his friend B to describe the local weather and B offers another local description. Yet even granting your meaning of "A" and "B" as constant and invariant, why on earth (That's where we seem to be.) would you deploy the weather as an example? Objections: 1. Two statements cannot be made at the same point in space and time. 2. Assuming a single speaker operating in a longer period of space time -- in my example a Yankee farmer describing snow drifts to a Southern visitor -- Yankee farmer points to a patch of field and remarks, "Here there is snow." (A) Calmly, the Yankee farmer turns to indicate an area beneath an enclosed patio, and says, "Here there is no snow." (B) His Southern guest replies, "So that's snow. Glad I don't have to live with it." >>Next on the "Eric & Adriano Show": a dazzling demonstration that there is no contradiction between the view that A. the banks bear a large measure of the blame for our current fiscal woes. In 1999, Bill "Nobody Left To Lie To" Clinton repealed the Glass-Steagall Act, an FDR-era protection against bank bloat. He was lobbied by a banker who became Citigroup CEO after the repeal. Shortly after the repeal Clinton's Treasury Secretary Reich went to work for CitiGroup. This corrupt bipartisan legislation allowed the "too big to fail" institutions, without which there would have been no gigantic US bank-bailout. Therefore, legislation may be seen as the prime mover of our woes. (Both McCain and Obama have tried to bring back some form of the Glass-Steagall Act.) So much for our woes. European woes are a different dirge, but I suspect legislation may be more causal than banks per se. There, that is, rather than here.