On Thu, Feb 14, 2008 at 3:04 PM, Mike Geary <atlas@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote: Why is sex so often associated with violence? > > Because women are so uncooperative? I don't know. > At the risk of interrupting the humorous repartee, allow me to note the most likely answer, a simple, literal fact: Human beings are animals. The association of sex and violence is a common pattern found among any number of species, but especially among those where the number of offspring is low and copulation required to fertilize the egg. This pattern is strongly associated with territoriality and defense of the nest. The mitigating factor is typically the ritualization of violence that minimizes actual injury. An alternative, found among several insects, but especially the preying mantis, involves the killing and consumption of the male once the act of copulation is successfully undertaken. There are, I believe, some species of mantis in which the female beheads the male while the penis is still inserted and pumping away. Ah, biology. John -- John McCreery The Word Works, Ltd., Yokohama, JAPAN Tel. +81-45-314-9324 http://www.wordworks.jp/