Dan, If your wife has a solid bracelet, ask to borrow it. Hold it up, but not upright. Let it be at about 30 degrees to the horizontal. Now imagine that you are positioned in the middle of the space enclosed by the bracelet. Rotate the bracelet in your hands, but keep it at 30 degrees to the horizontal. Imagine that the bracelet forms part of a sphere. The sphere is the firmament, or universe, rotating about the World, and the bracelet is the ecliptic, or apparent path of the Sun. For any particular place on the bracelet that the Sun happens to be, you (positioned in the middle, remember) will see the Sun rise (as the universe rotates), travel from east to west (if you are rotating the bracelet the right way), and set. The highest point that you observe the Sun to be (corresponding to noon) merely shows where the Sun is on the bracelet. Now let the Sun travel along the bracelet over a period of twelve months and , hey presto, you have the seasons. It also explains the other points that you raise (just as long as you assume Polaris is attached to the sphere). Finally, according to the Hebrew Scriptures, the World does not rotate. Best wishes, Neville. Dan <danchap9@xxxxxxxxx> wrote: Neville. How do we explain the fact that Polaris seems to shift about 30 degrees throughout the year and back to the same point. The equinoxes being the centre point the solstices summer being the highest point and winter being the lowest point same as the sun. Is the earth tilting back and forth throughout the year causing our seasons? If you have a star globe take a look at the movement of the sun. Is the sun moving around the earth in it's circuit like an s shape throughout the year or is it in fact the earth tilting like a pendulum. If the earth is, maybe that would explain the tides as on the equinoxes the tides are equal on both sides of the globe. Just a thought.Surely this would explain Parallax of the stars plus retrograde motion if the earth is spinning and tilting throughout the year from a geocentric perspective that is.And the planets move in their circuits of the heavens at 90 degrees always but it's the earths pendulum effect that creates the illusion tha t everything i s moving in this s shape that the ancients called a serpent. Dan. --------------------------------- Yahoo! Messenger NEW - crystal clear PC to PC calling worldwide with voicemail