Dear JL, a common German etymological dictionary (Kluge) tells me: German "Fall" refers to the different possibilities of the falling of a dice, based on Latin "casus" (with comparable variety of meanings) as a model. My translation: "This is sure with 'Fall' as a term of grammar. Here it is since the 17th century a derived meaning of Latin 'casus' which translates Greek 'ptosis'. This points to the variety of grammatical cases like the different outcomes of falling dices." So there is chance in "Fall", but from a limited choice. It is a definite outcome from a countable set of possibilities. Greetings, E. Seidl Messages to the list will be archived at http://listserv.liv.ac.uk/archives/chora.html