According to http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/Oracle_2 joins in Oracle were introduced in 1979. However it is not quite clear when the outer joins were introduced (probably in the same Oracle 2, probably later), but I suspect that (+) syntax were introduced a while before outer joins were standardized. BTW SQL Server also had legacy syntax (*) for outer joins and this also somehow confirms that initially there wasn't any standard for that. Gints Plivna http://www.gplivna.eu 2009/9/10 chet justice <chet.justice@xxxxxxxxx>: > How about the OUTER join syntax? That would be considered an extension > wouldn't it? (I couldn't find a reference to the + operator in the > standards for joins anyway). -- //www.freelists.org/webpage/oracle-l