Banks are no different from other large IT establishments. Some are good and well done, others leave a lot to be desired. Some of the things I've had to deal with in banks (in the UK and abroad) are monumentally silly: "We don't allow triggers because not all databases use them, we want to be able to hold the vendor to ransom by switching to a different database back end" - shame the whole application's back end was PL/SQL which, as we all know, is database agnostic! ;-) As for "best practices". Well, let's just say, few and far between. And for certain values of "best". How about still running Windows 3.11, even now? Internet Explorer 5.5 is de-rigeur, yes, today. Even the UK Government is on IE 6.0! I could go on, but that's about as much as the NDAs allow. :-( Cheers, Norm. -- Norman Dunbar Dunbar IT Consultants Ltd Registered address: Thorpe House 61 Richardshaw Lane Pudsey West Yorkshire United Kingdom LS28 7EL Company Number: 05132767 -- //www.freelists.org/webpage/oracle-l