I went through a serious several-year jag of reading Israel/Palestine issue books. I read books written by Jews, by Westerners who lived in the midst of the conflict for a time, by Palestinian sympathizers, by political gurus and secular journalists, all the Arab/Muslim texts Eric mentioned (well, most of them). I can't count the number I read. Many out loud w/ my husband. The one sure thing I came away with was the certainty that in terms of cultural and political clashes there simply is no objective right and wrong, there simply are no white hats and black hats. There are agendas I support and actions I find damnable. But it's all a mixed bag of motives and rights and beliefs and and and ...... I stopped reading on the subject for a while. It was too demoralizing. Julie Krueger ========Original Message======== Subj: [lit-ideas] Of demons and men Date: 2/20/06 1:30:37 AM Central Standard Time From: _lawrencehelm@xxxxxxxxxxxxx (mailto:lawrencehelm@xxxxxxxxxxxx) To: _lit-ideas@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx (mailto:lit-ideas@xxxxxxxxxxxxx) Sent on: Iâm currently reading Robin Wrightâs The Last Great Revolution, Turmoil and Transformation in Iran. I previously read her In The Name of God, The Khomeini Decade, so I have a very good feel for what Wright thinks of Khomeini. In both of her books she describes Khomeini entering the Iranian Revolution with traditional Shiite beliefs, esp that Religious leaders should not be in governmental leadership positions. He made several announcements to that effect. His intention was to stay out of government unless there was some problem he needed to referee. But as time went on he was drawn more and more into government until when the Iranian constitution was eventually written, he became the Velayat-e Faqih, the Supreme Leader. Iâm also reading Kenneth Timmermanâs Countdown to Crisis, the Coming Nuclear Showdown with Iran. Timmerman addresses the same facts Wright does, but draws very different conclusion â think Andreasâ views on Bush. In Timmermanâ s view Khomeini wasnât drawn into anything, He was orchestrating a clever plot. He intended to be the Veleyat-e Faqih from the beginning. He played reluctant and hard to get to get the people behind him â to get them to demand that he become the Supreme Leader. Iâm uncomfortable with Timmermanâs approach to Khomeini. I donât trust conspiracy theories. I fully accept the idea that we are each capable of all sorts of things we donât think we are capable of as long as we arenât tempted by them. I accept that if we are subjected to strong temptation we shall, most of us, succumb. So I can accept that Khomeini may have been tempted to compromise his Shiite beliefs when he had the opportunity to become (of felt the necessity to become) Veleyat-e Faqih. But I find it hard to believe in the cynical conniving Khomeini that cleverly planned everything in advance. If he was that cynical, clever, and conniving, then why did he make so many other mistakes? For example, he got rid of the Shahâs American weapons, and nuclear development sites. A Shiite trusts in Allah, not in American technology and weapons, Khomeini said. But when the war with Iraq started, his people begged him to change his mind and let them get some decent weapons to fight Saddam with; which he reluctantly agreed to, and then they had to go to a source, the USSR, they hadnât used before which necessitated inordinate delays and learning curves. Timmerman has demonized Khomeini while Wright has described a human being who happened to be the religious leader who became the Supreme Leader of Iran. I shall be happy to read anything else I can find by Robin Wright. I shall be very reluctant to read another book by Timmerman. Lawrence