"Non-causal" means the output starts appearing before the input is applied. Apparently the functions or data that describe your laplace element have a response that does this. To make it "causal," you would need to add some delay to the element. But that doesn't necessarily fix the problem. (Note: I haven't used laplace elements.) Regards, Andy > I use ORCAD-PSpice 9.2, Can any body help me? I don't know the meaning > os this messages: > > > 49.901 percent of X_signo_ABM.E_LAPLACE1 impulse response is > non-causal. > > 49.901 percent of X_signo_ABM.E_LAPLACE1 impulse response is > non-causal. > > It should be delayed by at least 7.84424e-005 sec. > > Thanyou for your help. > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu