Hi Baqar, You might find these useful: VNA http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5965-7917E.pdf Spectrum Analyzer http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5952-0292.pdf Another instrument to consider is TDR/TDT time domain reflection/transmission. It's like radar for channel characterization. You put a short pulse into the channel and see what goes through or comes back on an oscilloscope. Hope this helps, -- Colin Warwick Product manager for High Speed Digital, Agilent EEsof EDA ...feeds blog @ http://Signal-Integrity.TM.Agilent.com/feed/ ...tweets @signalintegrity<https://twitter.com/#!/signalintegrity> Hi All, I'm a Physics student, and long-time reader on the list looking to determine the best instruments for a given application (VNA or Spectrum Analyzer). I had some basic questions I was hoping some of you could help me with. Firstly, I've been tasked with characterizing a passive channel for a multi-Gbps SerDes and am wondering what are the trade-offs in using one instrument over the other? Secondly, from my limited understanding of VNAs, it provides a driving signal and can be observed at a given point. Is it at all possible to use a VNA passively like a Spectrum analyzer by not giving an input signal? Your time is much appreciated. - Baqar Rizvi ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List forum is accessible at: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu