Signals don't "know" anything. Like water following gravity, current = (more precisely fields) will always take the easiest path. But indeed = Kirchoff assures us the loop always has to complete at some point. Your = task as a designer is to "think like an electron" (or more precisely = "think like an EM wave") and make it go where you want it to go. = "Ground" is a very convenient fantasy invented by engineers to simplify = life, but there's really no such thing. =20 Art Porter =20 -----Original Message----- From: si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx]On Behalf Of Nikita nivan Sent: Monday, August 22, 2005 8:41 AM To: si-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [SI-LIST] Should the signals always return back through GND Hi SI virtuosi, I am new to this group and to this field too.I have a doubt thats buzzing my mind.I know you people could help me out. My question is Its always said that GND acts as a return path for a signal.Do all the signals know that they=20 have to return back through GND and not through anyother track in the signal layer having=20 lower impedance? What are the factors taken into consideration to make sure that signals return back through GND. Waiting for your reply Thanks in advance, Nikita =09 =09 =09 ____________________________________________________ Send a rakhi to your brother, buy gifts and win attractive prizes. Log = on to http://in.promos.yahoo.com/rakhi/index.html ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List FAQ wiki page is located at: http://si-list.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Si-List_FAQ List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: =20 //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu =20 ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List FAQ wiki page is located at: http://si-list.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Si-List_FAQ List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu