Thanks Paul - but my question was how can you tell by reading the label how much chicken/turkey is actually in the food even after it's been cooked, dried out and made into meal? For example, Chicken Soup lists Chicken, turkey, chicken meal and turkey meal as the first four ingredients (the website says it doesn't use frozen meats). With this in mind, how can you tell what the actual ratio of the first four ingredients is to the total ingredients listed on the label? Thanks - I hope I'm making my question clear. For your convenience here's a link to their website so you can read the actual ingreditent list. http://www.chickensoupforthepetloverssoul.com/ChickenSoup/formulasnew.php Gayle & the Hooligans! Ringer-Honey-Kelly-Mac-Slider-Bruiser Waiting at the Bridge: Andy-Abbey-Tasha-Tex-Echo-Yukon-JR-Too-Niki-Bo -- "RivendellP" <rivendellp@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote: Again, I am not a canine nutritionist. These are questions for Linda or I am sure Paul can answer these questions. I just try to study from the experts who do know more then all of us about how these foods are made. Paul has many times tried to explain this on the list. I am sure he can again. Janet Paul adds... Labels tell you everything...right? Yes to some and no to others. When a company lists any meat....chicken, beef, lamb as the 1st ingredient, they are being less than truthful. In order to turn that meat into a product condusive with extruded kibble, it must be turned into a meal. You will notice some companies will list chicken as the 1st ingredient followed by chicken meal. Chicken meal is actually the 1st ingredient. The reason is moisture...and to turn a meat into a meat meal the moisture must be removed. That reduces the meat by volume and all labels are mandated to list products by volume. So when the moisture is removed so is the by volume amount of the meat. Chicken is especially "wet" and the moisture is at least 25%...usually more and much of the chicken used in kibble is frozen so you add the weight of the ice. (Before New Years, I went to purchase some Alaskan King Crab Legs at Costco. They were frozen and I told the guy I didn't want to pay $15 a lb for frozen water in the crab. The manager took $5 off of the total because he knew that as they thaw the weight is reduced accordingly.) The same is true with frozen chicken but by AAFCO Standards, they are allowed to use the total weight no matter what state it's in...as a by volume ingredient. USDA would not allow this to take place. Maufacturers are also allowed to by chicken preserved with ethoxyquin "before" they take possession of it and not have to list it on the ingredient panel....but that's another post all together. The bottom line is by reducing the moisture in order to turn the chicken into an "extrudable" product, it reduces the weight and therefore the weight by volume. Ergo the chicken no longer weighs what it did and the weight by volume has been reduced...ergo it is no longer the 1st ingredient. Paul ============================================================================ POST is Copyrighted 2005. All material remains the property of the original author and of GSD Communication, Inc. NO REPRODUCTIONS or FORWARDS of any kind are permitted without prior permission of the original author AND of the Showgsd-l Management. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALL PERSONS ARE ON NOTICE THAT THE FORWARDING, REPRODUCTION OR USE IN ANY MANNER OF ANY MATERIAL WHICH APPEARS ON SHOWGSD-L WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PERMISSION OF ALL PARTIES TO THE POST AND THE LIST MANAGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY FORBIDDEN, AND IS A VIOLATION OF LAW. VIOLATORS OF THIS PROHIBITION WILL BE PROSECUTED. For assistance, please contact the List Management at admin@xxxxxxxxxxxx VISIT OUR WEBSITE - http://www.showgsd.org ============================================================================ ============================================================================ POST is Copyrighted 2005. All material remains the property of the original author and of GSD Communication, Inc. NO REPRODUCTIONS or FORWARDS of any kind are permitted without prior permission of the original author AND of the Showgsd-l Management. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALL PERSONS ARE ON NOTICE THAT THE FORWARDING, REPRODUCTION OR USE IN ANY MANNER OF ANY MATERIAL WHICH APPEARS ON SHOWGSD-L WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PERMISSION OF ALL PARTIES TO THE POST AND THE LIST MANAGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY FORBIDDEN, AND IS A VIOLATION OF LAW. VIOLATORS OF THIS PROHIBITION WILL BE PROSECUTED. For assistance, please contact the List Management at admin@xxxxxxxxxxxx VISIT OUR WEBSITE - http://www.showgsd.org ============================================================================