a bi-color dog does not need one of his parents to carry a black gene...I will repeat this....a bi-color dog does not need one of his parents to carry a black gene....the original question was for a dog to be a bi-color (phenotype) must both of his parents carry the bi-color gene...and the answer is NO....both parents CAN carry the bi gene but it is not absolutely necessary.....the black gene is different from the bi-color gene...here is where some confusion may be coming......a bi-color dog's genotype must be two bi-color genes, one from each parent or one Bi-color gene and one black gene.....a bi-color dog (phenotype) CAN NOT have a sable or a black and tan gene!!!...any dog with a sable gene is a sable dog...any dog with a black tan gene is either black and tan...or if one or both of his parents is a sable...he can be a sable....confusing? not really, but you must have some type of understanding in genetics in general and dog coat colors in specific...Ed Hill ============================================================================ POST is Copyrighted 2004. All material remains the property of the original author and of GSD Communication, Inc. NO REPRODUCTIONS or FORWARDS of any kind are permitted without prior permission of the original author AND of the Showgsd-l Management. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALL PERSONS ARE ON NOTICE THAT THE FORWARDING, REPRODUCTION OR USE IN ANY MANNER OF ANY MATERIAL WHICH APPEARS ON SHOWGSD-L WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PERMISSION OF ALL PARTIES TO THE POST AND THE LIST MANAGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY FORBIDDEN, AND IS A VIOLATION OF LAW. VIOLATORS OF THIS PROHIBITION WILL BE PROSECUTED. For assistance, please contact the List Management at admin@xxxxxxxxxxxx VISIT OUR WEBSITE - http://www.showgsd.org ============================================================================