that is a good point about the exit pupil, Bob. "When the rings are well-positioned (tilted to our view), the resulting image looks more like an egg." that was Galileo's experience too. it was only when Christian Huygens viewed Saturn 40 years later with a larger telescope that the rings were seen as a separate object. ----- Original Message ----- From: Bob Christ To: pasmembers@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Sent: Wednesday, November 14, 2012 2:02 PM Subject: [pasmembers] Re: need suggestion on purchasing binoculars Great pointers Leah. I would also add that Mr. Grove be advised that exit pupil size should he considered when purchasing binoculars. A lot of folks think 7x50 binoculars are great for astronomy purposes because the lower power (7x) is easier to hold than those that deliver greater magnification and the 50mm aperture is sufficiently large. The holding-still premise is correct, but ..... The exit pupil, the size of the focused image exiting the eyepiece through a binocular or telescope, is measured in millimeters. The simple formula to determine exit pupil size is aperture ÷ magnification. In the 7x50 example (7x magnification ... 50mm aperture), the exit pupil is greater than 7mm. A child's eye could potentially dilate to an upper range of 7mm when dark adapted, but not an adult's; typically falling in the 4-5mm range; or even less. Therefore, the 7x50's provide focused light that the human eye cannot use - a portion of the delivered image is simply lost and the anticipation of the view can be a disappointment. In my 15x70 binocs, mounted on an exceptionally sturdy tripod, Saturn is a small, bright object and the rings are simply short and thin faint lines extending out each side when viewed edge-on. When the rings are well-positioned (tilted to our view), the resulting image looks more like an egg. We usually display through a pair binoculars at star parties, and they are a great night sky viewing tool when aimed at appropriate objects. Bob On Nov 14, 2012, at 1:08 PM, LPhxAZ wrote: I don't think you can see Saturn's rings with binoculars, unless they are as large as a telescope. (70-100 mm) http://stargazerslounge.com/topic/40112-saturn-with-binoculars-recommendation/ http://www.wwnorton.com/college/astronomy/astro21/sandt/binoculars.html it always "gets" me when people brag about faint objects they have seen with "just binoculars", and then it turns out that their "just binoculars" have a 3" or 4" lens on each side.