I have an oracle 10.2.0.2.0 Data Guard setup now (physical standby) on two linux boxes that I use for learning. And I would like to know if the db is using "standby redo logs" or "archived logs" to apply the change . on Primary DB, I have: SQL> select dest_id,target,log_sequence,AFFIRM,TRANSMIT_MODE from V$ARCHIVE_DEST; DEST_ID TARGET LOG_SEQUENCE AFF TRANSMIT_MOD ---------- ------- ------------ --- ------------ 1 PRIMARY 15 NO SYNCHRONOUS 2 STANDBY 0 NO SYNCHRONOUS 3 PRIMARY 0 NO SYNCHRONOUS 4 PRIMARY 0 NO SYNCHRONOUS 5 PRIMARY 0 NO SYNCHRONOUS 6 PRIMARY 0 NO SYNCHRONOUS 7 PRIMARY 0 NO SYNCHRONOUS 8 PRIMARY 0 NO SYNCHRONOUS 9 PRIMARY 0 NO SYNCHRONOUS 10 PRIMARY 0 NO SYNCHRONOUS 10 rows selected. Also from Primary DB's init.ora: STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=auto log_archive_dest_2 = 'SERVICE=ES_PROD reopen=60' log_archive_dest_state_2 = ENABLE Based on the above, can I say the setup is "Maximum Performance" mode (I think so, because Affirm=No)? And log shipping (from Primary to Standby) is "ARCH" (because TRANSMIT_MOD=SYNCHRONOUS) ? I can not find anywhere to tell me that if I do not specify say "LGWR ASYNC", what are the default values for these in "log_archive_dest_2"? I only specify reopen and tnsnames entry here. Also with these configuration and after I created the same number of "standby redo logs" on standby as the primary "online redo logs", and when I made some db changes, then alter system switch logfile on primary, I can see the archived logs were shipped to the standby, the db changes were also there in db (I opened the standby in read-only mode and can see the new tables I created on primary). But I am not sure if the changes were applied through shipped "archive logs" or through "standby redo logs". Basically I want to know if "Redo Archival Process" is LGWR or ARCH? Thanks. Guang Mei