. . SPORTS MEDICINE : SPORTS: BASEBALL: PROFESSIONAL : MEDICAL: PHARMACY PHARMACEUTICAL PHARMACOLOGY: DRUGS: SEROIDS : INDUSTRIES: BASEBALL : RESEARCH: Multi-Billion Dollar Baseball Industry Largely Responsible for Steroid Abuse by MLB Players, Researcher Says . . Multi-Billion Dollar Baseball Industry Largely Responsible for Steroid Abuse by MLB Players, Researcher Says Date: February 14, 2014 Source: University of Texas at Arlington Summary:The widespread use of illegal steroids among Major League Baseball players has been fueled by an "economy of bodily management," the free agent market and exploding television revenues, a labor and disability historian argues in a newly published research paper.
Featured Research from universities, journals, and other organizations Science Daily http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140214203944.htm . .The widespread use of illegal steroids among Major League Baseball players has been fueled by an "economy of bodily management," the free agent market and exploding television revenues, a UT Arlington assistant professor argues in a newly published research paper.
.Sarah Rose, a labor and disability historian, says by attacking individual ballplayers' morality, commentators have obscured the more salient issue.
. snip .Rose is the co-author of a new article "Bionic Ballplayers: Risk, Profit, and the Body as Commodity, 1964-2007" published in the journal LABOR: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas. Her co-author is Joshua A. T. Salzmann, assistant professor of history at Northeastern Illinois University.
.The researchers found that while the league minimum salary remained at $6,000 between 1954 and 1967, players' average salaries soared to $16,000 in the mid-1960s. Teams paid these increasing salaries out of funds newly attained through television revenue. Between 1964 and 1979, revenues from television contracts rose from $21 million to $54 million.
.During this time, players and owners investigated new ways to preserve and, eventually, enhance players' bodies.
. snip ."Enticed by the prospect of riches, players and teams harnessed fitness training, reconstructive surgery, biomechanical analysis and performance-enhancing drugs to reduce wear and tear on players' bodies and, ultimately, radically alter them for profit," Rose and Salzmann concluded in the paper. "This interplay between economic incentives and medicine created what we call bionic ballplayers: bigger, stronger, and at times, more fragile than their predecessors."
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