[nasional_list] [ppiindia] 200 highly developed civilizations hidden in distant galaxies of the Universe
- From: "Ambon" <sea@xxxxxxxxxx>
- To: <"Undisclosed-Recipient:;"@freelists.org>
- Date: Tue, 14 Feb 2006 09:06:55 +0100
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**http://english.pravda.ru/science/tech/06-02-2006/75480-space-0
200 highly developed civilizations hidden in distant galaxies of the Universe
The founder of the scientific search for extraterrestrial civilizations Frank
Drake believed that a minimum of 200 highly developed civilizations were hiding
somewhere in our Galaxy. His followers estimate the actual number ranges from
10 thousand to 1 million. It is a hell of a number. There has not been, alas,
any news or signal from space during the 30-year search. However,
extraterrestrial intelligence is not in contradiction to conservative
scientific dogmas.
The world's largest computer network is hooked up to SETI (Search for
Extraterrestrial Intelligence). Anyone who downloads a computer program
SETI@home will be able to process data provided by the world's largest radio
telescope located in Arecibo, Puerto Rico. The telescope receives signals from
all over the Galaxy but has no time for digesting them on its own. More than 5
million PC's all over the world are taking part in the project.
Most powerful telescopes were pointed at the sky to check for signs of life in
the constellations of Tau Whale, Eridan's Epsilon, and a spherical mass No13 in
the constellation Hercules. So far the efforts to find any intelligence in
space have ended in failure. NASA is launching a new project Cyclops worth $10
billion. A thousand telescopes will be installed at 15-kilometer intervals from
one another. The telescopes will be tuned to the reception of signals traveling
within a range of 1,000 light years.
The earth dwellers have repeatedly tried to draw attention to themselves by
sending various messages and objects to deep space. Capsules containing the
earth's coordinates in Milky Way; basic physical constants and DNA code;
recordings of music by Bach, and pictures of the Egyptian pyramids were
dispatched to space aboard the spacecraft. No reply has come so far.
Why space keeps silent
A radio signal from Earth takes tens of thousands of years to reach the nearest
stars, and therefore it is pretty premature to show signs of impatience.
Beside, there are 200 billion stars in the Milky Way alone. Time required for
resolving a global problem will depend on progress made by microelectronics and
technology of radio telescopes.
The Doomsday Theory says that any technological civilization is bound to
destroy itself.
According to the Zoo Theory, aliens use our planet as a zoo. Establishing
communication between them and us is strictly forbidden due to the experiment
requirements. A milder version of the same story indicates that the so-called
brothers in reason regard us as innocent children, and therefore it is pretty
difficult to let us know that contact is established. A recent research by
Canadian scientists shows that Earth is about 2 billion years younger that
similar planets in other solar systems.
The famous astronomer Josef Schklovsky was one of the most active supporters of
extraterrestrial civilizations. However, he changed his mind at the end of his
life and arrived at a sad conclusion - man is all alone in the Universe. There
are many skeptics who share the above point of view.
U.S. researchers Peter Word and Donald Brownley believe that a planet and its
solar system should meet a number of tough requirements to become a place
suitable for life not to mention intelligence. It is nearly impossible to meet
all those requirements - a planet should be located in a belt where water is
liquid; a planet should also be within a belt of gaseous giants to maintain it
orbit; a large natural satellite akin the Moon is required to stabilize the
pivot (no such satellites discovered in the vicinity of other planets); a
special location in a galaxy, a special makeup of the crust, a favorable
temperature range of a star etc.
Seth Shostak, a leading astronomer in SETI Institute in California , estimates
that rapid progress in those fields will enable humankind to discover
intelligent life in our Galaxy within 20 years provided that intelligent life
does exist somewhere out there.
The search might prove useful in Mars and Europe , a large natural satellite of
the planet Jupiter. Data obtained by several space probes indicate that the Red
Planet has vast reserves of ice and ancient water. But Mars has no atmosphere.
The diameter of Europa is just 4 times smaller than that of Earth. The
satellite was discovered by Galileo in 1610. The probe Galileo obtained
important data on Europa several years ago. The satellite is covered with thick
ice layer over the ocean, which is 50 km deep. Perhaps Earth and Europa are the
only places in the solar system with huge reserves of water. Besides, Europa
has an atmosphere containing oxygen. Scientists still need to find out whether
oxygen is biological by origin as oxygen on Earth.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
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