As I understand it, Popper is about falsifying scientific ideas, which by definition are rational. Soros is about making money, by definition irrational, often even criminal, behavior. At best, making money is based in 'animal instincts,' i.e., greed, herding behavior, etc. (by big and small, which makes the much promoted idea of the rational self correcting market total bunk). Therefore as I understand it, Popperian constructs would not apply to Soros's money making, since big money always involves fraud. There's nothing scientific about big money. However, for what it's worth it might be argued that Soros was interacting with his environment in an evolutionary interplay, taking advantage of changes around him. Soros himself is typical of people who make mountains of money by not always upfront means then donating to causes. Since he believes in my causes, I rather like Soros. Soros has to my knowledge shut down his hedge fund and is only handling family money. I heard him interviewed once. He had quite the case of depression and somehow came out on the other side, saw that money was not making him happy and began giving it away, getting satisfaction from promoting the causes of liberal democracy. Essentially, though, he failed. Even his money was no match for the Republican P.R. machine. Just to ramble a bit, Bill Gates, the richest man in the world, now is on a campaign to bring toilets to the billions who don't have them, and from what I read, don't want them. They actually need a P.R. campaign to convince people they'll be sexy if they use toilets. (Hey, they convinced billions they're sexy if they smoke.) The lack of sanitation is, in addition to factory farming, another major cause of super resistant bacteria, MRSA, VRSA and the one coming out of India right now, really a nasty one. Bacteria would have evolved resistance eventually anyway, but much more slowly if all conditions weren't so animal spirits driven. Assume a can opener, as they say. It really should be termed human spirts. Animals it could be argued are always rational. Andy ________________________________ From: John McCreery <john.mccreery@xxxxxxxxx> To: lit-ideas@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Sent: Tuesday, October 4, 2011 8:34 AM Subject: [lit-ideas] Re: Popper's 'Philosophy of Mind' I Thanks, Donal. Just curious, do you have any thoughts about the use and/or abuse of Popper by his most economically successful disciple, George Soros? John