Eric Yost wrote: "One could imagine that a primitive moral stage (like an early stage of child development) would have a moral law that states ..." This is the same mistake Andy made. The moral principle remains the same, it is the application that varies. With the principle 'Do not harm the other', what will vary, among other things, is the extension of 'the other' but there will remain the moral understanding that doing harm has a moral quality. I think Eric's analogy is helpful, but only if we understand that the application, not the principle, evolves. Sincerely, Phil Enns Toronto, ON ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html