Threre are no such things as "logicians". There are good logic students, like you, Eric. You get an A+. I.e. if you were to display such level of intelligence in R. Paul's courses of logic, he'll give you an A+ regardless. Cheers, J. L. S. In a message dated 1/14/2010 3:03:23 P.M. Eastern Standard Time, mr.eric.yost@xxxxxxxxx writes: > All cats purr > This is a cat How do logicians deal with the durational aspects of an attribute? Cats do not purr all the time, so aren't qualifiers necessary? e.g. All cats purr sometimes This is a cat This cat purrs sometimes OR Male kittens become male cats gradually Un-neutered male cats spray This is a male kitten which will not be neutered Eventually this kitten will become a cat and spray EY ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html