Yost, "What would a logician say...?" There are no such things as logicians. I never met one and I know I won't. There are, rather, good logical students, and Eric got an A+ from R. Paul's Mutton College online course, as does Ms. Krueger now. Such subtlety of analysis can only overwhelm in the best sense our poverty-stricken (by Paris Hilton's standards) instructors: In a message dated 1/14/2010 3:35:26 P.M. Eastern Standard Time, juliereneb@xxxxxxxxx writes: Isn't the "sometimes" rather implied, in that nothing is in a perpetual or static state/ All humans must eat; this is a human, it eats, does not imply that it is eating every second of the time. Or that if the creature in question is not eating at the moment it is therefore not human. Or does it? There's got to be a symbolic logic answer out there -- where's Speranza? ---- Exactly. "Implied" is the word. "Implicature" for long. "I used to live in Memphis". Atlas says. It so happens, he lives in Memphis now. Therefore the 'implied', "but not now" is cancelled. Cats used to purr, and they still do. Implied: when they feel happy. Dogs, which our brilliant student Julie prefers, on the other hand, never do. But they eat, almost every second, so they are, logically, humans, or more like humans, if you want to use defeasibility. Cheers, J. L. Speranza