Dave! Software manufacturers have been using dongles for years that I know of. I don't know when JAWS started using one. Window Eyes has used one for several years. I believe that you have to keep the dongle in while you're using JAWS. From the prospective of the user there's no advantage. It's a copy protection scheme and as all copy protection schemes it's awkward and cumbersome. It's mostly used with American made software when the software is being used in other countries that don't have strong software piracy laws. Chirp|Chirp|Chirp: It's the Bat, Bat Arhonious Software, www.chirpingbat.com -- To post a message to the list, send it to jfw@xxxxxxxxxxxxx To unsubscribe from this mailing list, send a message to jfw-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with the word unsubscribe in the subject line. If you have any concerns about the list, post received from the list, or the way the list is being run, do not post them to the list. Rather contact the list owner at jfw-admins@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx