see url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam
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Attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT> and their experiences in the Muslim
world <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_world> have been influenced
by its religious, legal, social, political, and cultural history.
The Quran <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quran> narrates the story of
the "people of Lut
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamic_view_of_Lut&action=edit&redlink=1>"
destroyed by the wrath <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anger#Islam> of
God <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Islam> because the men engaged
in lustful <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lust#Islam> carnal acts
between themselves
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men>.^[1]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-EoQ-1> ^[2]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-QL1-2> ^[3]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-dr-3> ^[4]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-MC-4> Within the
Quran, it never states that homosexuality is punishable by death,^[5]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-5> and modern
historians conclude that the Islamic prophet
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_prophet> Muhammad
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad> never forbade homosexual
relationships <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexual_relationships>,
although he shared contempt towards them alongside his
contemporaries.^[6]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-Islamic_Homosexualities-6>
However, some hadith <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith> collections
condemn homosexual <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexual> and
transgender <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender> acts,^[1]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-EoQ-1> ^[7]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-autogenerated1983-7>
^[8] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-hmy-8> ^[9]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-TEOEM-9>
prescribing death penalty
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Islam> for both the
active and receptive partners
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top,_bottom_and_versatile> who have
engaged in male homosexual
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_homosexual> intercourse.^[10]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-iranica-law-10>
There is little evidence of homosexual practice in Islamic societies for
the first century and a half of the early history of Islam
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_history_of_Islam>,^[10]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-iranica-law-10>
although male homosexual relationships were known^[7]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-autogenerated1983-7>
and ridiculed, but not sanctioned, in Arabia
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula#Rise_of_Islam>.^[6]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-Islamic_Homosexualities-6>
Homoerotic <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoeroticism> and pederastic
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pederasty> themes were cultivated in
poetry <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_poetry> and other literary
genres <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_literature> written in
major languages of the Muslim world
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_world> from the 8th century into
the modern era.^[6]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-Islamic_Homosexualities-6>
^[10]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-iranica-law-10>
^[11] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-11> ^[12]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-ia601301.us.archive.org-12>
The conceptions of homosexuality found in classical Islamic texts
resemble the traditions of Graeco
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Greece>-Roman
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Rome> antiquity
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_antiquity> rather than the
modern understanding of sexual orientation
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_orientation>.^[6]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-Islamic_Homosexualities-6>
^[10]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-iranica-law-10>
^[13] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-ali-105-13>
Homosexual acts are forbidden <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haram> in
traditional Islamic jurisprudence
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_jurisprudence> and are liable to
different punishments, including the death penalty
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Islam>,^[10]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-iranica-law-10>
depending on the situation and legal school
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhhab>. However, homosexual
relationships were generally tolerated in pre-modern Islamic societies
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-modern_Islamic_societies>,^[6]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-Islamic_Homosexualities-6>
^[7]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-autogenerated1983-7>
^[10]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-iranica-law-10>
^[12]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-ia601301.us.archive.org-12>
and historical records suggest that these laws were invoked
infrequently, mainly in cases of rape
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rape_in_Islamic_law> or other
"exceptionally blatant infringement on public morals
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_morality>".^[10]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-iranica-law-10>
Public attitudes toward homosexuality in the Muslim world underwent a
marked negative change starting from the 19th century through the
gradual spread
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism>
of Islamic fundamentalist movements
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism> such as Salafism
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafi_movement> and Wahhabism
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism>,^[14]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-falaky-14> ^[15]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-evans-15> ^[16]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-dialmy-16> and
the influence of the sexual notions and restrictive norms prevalent in
Europe <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe> at the time: a number of
Muslim-majority countries have retained criminal penalties for
homosexual acts enacted under European colonial
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism> rule.^[17]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-beckers-17> ^[18]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-ahmadi-18> ^[19]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-economist-19>
^[20] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-lapidus-20>
In recent times, extreme prejudice
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prejudice>, discrimination
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_against_LGBT_people>, and
violence against LGBT people
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violence_against_LGBT_people> persists,
both socially
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societal_attitudes_toward_homosexuality>
and legally, in much of the Muslim world, exacerbated by increasingly
conservative attitudes and the rise of Islamist movements
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism>.^[19]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-economist-19>
^[21]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-TransgenderHealth_2020-21>
In Afghanistan <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Afghanistan>,
Brunei <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Brunei>, Iran
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Iran>, Mauritania
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Mauritania>, Nigeria
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Nigeria>, Saudi Arabia
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia>, parts of
Somalia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Somalia>,^[note 1]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-22> Sudan
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Sudan>, United Arab
Emirates
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_United_Arab_Emirates>, and
Yemen <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Yemen>, homosexual
activity carries the death penalty
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_penalty_for_homosexuality> or
prison sentences.^[22]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-ILGAMAP-23> ^[23]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-BBCDeathpenalty-24>
^[24]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-United_Arab_Emirates-25>
^[25] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-arc.com-26>
^[26] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-27> ^[27]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-28> In other
countries, such as Algeria
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Algeria>, Bangladesh
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Bangladesh>, Chad
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Chad>,^[28]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-officialNote-29>
Malaysia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Malaysia>,
Maldives <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Maldives>,
Pakistan <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Pakistan>, Qatar
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Qatar>, Somalia
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Somalia>, and Syria
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Syria>, it is illegal, and
penalties may be imposed.^[29]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-Maldives_Penal_Code,_s411-30>
^[30] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-Tpha-31>
^[31]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-ILGA_2013-32>
^[32]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-glapn.org-33>
^[33] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-34> ^[34]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-35> Same-sex
sexual intercourse <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_intercourse> is
legal in Albania <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Albania>,
Azerbaijan <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Azerbaijan>,
Bahrain <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Bahrain>, Bosnia
and Herzegovina
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina>,
Burkina Faso
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Burkina_Faso>, Djibouti
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Djibouti>, Guinea-Bissau
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Guinea-Bissau>, Iraq
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Iraq>, Jordan
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Jordan>, Kazakhstan
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Kazakhstan>, Kosovo
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Kosovo>, Kyrgyzstan
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Kyrgyzstan>, Lebanon
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Lebanon>,^[note 2]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-38> Mali
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Mali>, Niger
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Niger>, Tajikistan
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Tajikistan>, Turkey
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Turkey>, most of Indonesia
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Indonesia>^[note 3]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-39> , the West
Bank <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank> (State of Palestine
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_State_of_Palestine>),
and Northern Cyprus
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Northern_Cyprus>.^[37]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-JP1-40> ^[38]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-41> ^[39]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-42> ^[40]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-ILGA.org_2009-43>
Homosexual relations between females are legal in Kuwait
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Kuwait>, Turkmenistan
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Turkmenistan>, and
Uzbekistan <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Uzbekistan>,
but homosexual acts between males
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexual_acts_between_males> are
illegal.^[37]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-JP1-40> ^[41]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-44> ^[42]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-Kuwait_Law-45>
^[43]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-Legislationline.org-46>
Most Muslim-majority countries and the Organisation of Islamic
Cooperation
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation>
(OIC) have opposed moves to advance LGBT rights at the United Nations,
in the General Assembly or the UNHRC. In 2008, 57 UN member nations,
most of them having a muslim majority, cosponsored a statement opposing
LGBT rights at the UN General Assembly.^[44]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-47> In May 2016,
a group of 51 Muslim majority states blocked 11 gay and transgender
organizations from attending the 2016 High Level Meeting on Ending AIDS
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_High_Level_Meeting_on_Ending_AIDS>.^[45]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-48> ^[46]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-49> ^[47]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-50> ^[48]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-auto2-51>
However, Albania <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Albania>
and Sierra Leone
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Sierra_Leone> have signed
a UN Declaration
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_at_the_United_Nations>
supporting LGBT rights.^[49]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-52> ^[50]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-53> LGBT
anti-discrimination laws
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law> have been
enacted in Albania <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania>, Kosovo
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo>, and Northern Cyprus
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Cyprus>.^[51]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-54> There are
also several organizations for LGBT Muslims which support LGBT rights,
and others which attempt conversion therapy
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_therapy>.^[52]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam#cite_note-samar-55>
