----- Forwarded Message ----- From: Yuji Tamura <ernad@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>To:
"nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" <nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>Sent: Sunday, December 19,
2021, 08:38:27 PM GMT-5Subject: [nep-mig] 2021-12-20, eight papers
|
| nep-mig | New Economics Papers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2021‒12‒20
eight papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
| |
- Refugee migration, labor demand, and local employment
ByAuer,Daniel;Götz,Lilia
- Immigrant Labor and the Institutionalization of theU.S.-born Elderly
ByKristin F. Butcher;KelseyMoran;TaraWatson
- Isolated States of America: The Impact of State Borders onMobility and
Regional Labor Market Adjustments ByRileyWilson
- The Other Great Migration: Southern Whites and the NewRight
BySamuelBazzi;AndreasFerrara;MartinFiszbein;Thomas P. Pearson;Patrick A. Testa
- Opening Heaven’s Door: Public Opinion andCongressional Votes on the 1965
Immigration Act ByGiovanni Facchini;Timothy J. Hatton;MaxF. Steinhardt
- Rising Political Populism and Outmigration of Youth asInternational
Students ByMuratDemirci
- Migration and Spatial Misallocation in China ByLi,Xiaolu;Ma, Lin;Tang,Yang
- Socioemotional Skills and Refugees' Language AcquisitionByKosyakova,
Yuliya;Laible, Marie-Christine
- Refugee migration, labordemand, and local employment
| By: | Auer,Daniel;Götz,Lilia |
| Abstract: | Whether or not immigration negatively affects the labor
market outcomes ofnatives is an ongoing debate. One of the challenges for
empirical evidence isthe simultaneity of supply- and demand-side effects. To
isolate the demandside, we focus on recent refugees in Germany who are
exogenously allocated todistricts and largely excluded from the labor market.
Using panel data of allGerman districts between 2010 and 2018 and leveraging
variation in the localstock of asylum seekers, we find that 1,000 asylum
seekers create 267 jobs onaverage in a district. This growth effect is mainly
driven by a demand foradditional labor in service, public administration, and
social work. As aconsequence, we also observe a significant reduction in the
local unemploymentrate when more refugees arrive. The dynamic panel data
estimates are robust tovarious sensitivity checks and two different
instrumental variable approaches.Quantifying the demand side of immigration
adds to our understanding of locallabor market dynamics in an increasingly
mobile world. |
| Keywords: | labor demand,refugee migration,employment
growth,unemployment |
| JEL: | J21 J23O15 R11 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:989&r=&r=mig ;|
- Immigrant Labor andthe Institutionalization of the U.S.-born Elderly
| By: | Kristin F. Butcher;KelseyMoran;TaraWatson |
| Abstract: | The U.S. population is aging. We examine whether
immigration causallyaffectsthe likelihood that the U.S.-born elderly live in
institutional settings.Using a shift-share instrument to identify exogenous
variation in immigration,we find that a 10 percentage point increase in the
less-educated foreign-bornlabor force share in a local area reduces
institutionalization among theelderly by 1.5 and 3.8 percentage points for
those aged 65+ and 80+, a 26-29percent effect relative to the mean. The
estimates imply that a typicalU.S-born individual over age 65 in the year 2000
was 0.5 percentage points (10percent) less likely to be living in an
institution than would have been thecase if immigration had remained at 1980
levels. We show that immigrationaffects the availability and cost of home
services, including those providedby home health aides, gardeners and
housekeepers, and other less-educatedworkers, reducing the cost of aging in the
community. |
| JEL: | I11 J14J15 J61 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29520&r=&r=mig ;|
- Isolated States ofAmerica: The Impact of State Borders on Mobility and
Regional Labor MarketAdjustments
| By: | RileyWilson (Brigham Young University) |
| Abstract: | I document a new empirical pattern of internal mobility
in the UnitedStates.Namely, county-to-county migration and commuting drop off
discretely at stateborders. People are three times as likely to move to a
county 15 miles away,but in the same state, than to move to an equally distant
county in adifferent state. These gaps remain even among neighboring counties
or countiesin the same commuting zone. This pattern is not explained by
differences incounty characteristics, is not driven by any particular
demographic group, andis not explained by pecuniary costs such as differences
in state occupationallicensing, taxes, or transfer program generosity. However,
county-to-countysocial connectedness (as measured by the number of Facebook
linkages) followsa similar pattern. Although the patterns in social networks
would beconsistent with information frictions, nonpecuniary psychic costs,
orbehavioral biases such as a sate identity or home bias, the data suggest
thatstate identity and home bias play an outsized role. This empirical pattern
hasreal economic impacts. Building on existing methods, I show that employment
inborder counties adjusts more slowly after local economic shocks relative
tointerior counties. These counties also exhibit less in-migration
andin-commuting, suggesting the lack of mobility leads to slower labor
marketadjustment. |
| Keywords: | Internal migration, commuting, social networks,
borderdiscontinuities |
| JEL: | J6R1 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:upj:weupjo:21-358&r=&r=mig ;|
- The Other GreatMigration: Southern Whites and the New Right
| By: | SamuelBazzi;AndreasFerrara;MartinFiszbein;Thomas P.
Pearson;Patrick A. Testa |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a novel perspective on the Great
Migration out of theU.S.South. Using a shift-share identification strategy, we
show how millions ofSouthern white migrants transformed the cultural and
political landscapeacross America. Counties with a larger Southern white share
by 1940 exhibitedgrowing support for right-wing politics throughout the 20th
century andbeyond. Racial animus, religious conservatism, and localist
attitudes amongthe Southern white diaspora hastened partisan realignment as the
RepublicanParty found fresh support for the Southern strategy outside the
South. Theircongressional representatives were more likely to oppose
politically liberallegislation, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and to
object to theElectoral College count in 2021. These migrants helped shape
institutions thatreinforced racial inequity and exclusion, they shared ideology
throughreligious organizations and popular media, and they transmitted an array
ofcultural norms to non-Southern populations. Together, our findings
suggestthat Southern white migrants may have forever changed the trajectory
ofAmerican politics. |
| JEL: | D72J15 J18 N32 P16 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29506&r=&r=mig ;|
- Opening Heaven’sDoor: Public Opinion and Congressional Votes on the 1965
ImmigrationAct
| By: | Giovanni Facchini;Timothy J. Hatton;MaxF. Steinhardt |
| Abstract: | The Immigration Act of 1965 marked a dramatic shift in
policy and one withmajor long term consequences for the volume and composition
of immigration tothe United States. Here we explore the political economy of a
reform that hasbeen overshadowed by the Civil Rights and Great Society
programs. We find thatpublic opinion was against expanding immigration, but it
was more favorable toabolishing the old country of origin quota system. Votes
in the House ofRepresentatives and the Senate were more closely linked to
opinion onabolishing the country of origin quotas than to public opinion on the
volumeof immigration. Support for immigration reform initially followed in
theslipstream of civil rights legislation both among members of Congress
andtheir constituents. The final House vote, on a more restrictive version of
thebill, was instead more detached from state-level public opinion on
civilrights and gained more support from those whose constituents wanted to
seeimmigration decreased. |
| Keywords: | US immigration policy, 1965 Immigration Act,
Congressional voting |
| JEL: | N12 F22J68 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:auu:hpaper:099&r=&r=mig ;|
- Rising PoliticalPopulism and Outmigration of Youth as International
Students
| By: | MuratDemirci (Department of Economics, Koç University) |
| Abstract: | Populism is on the rise, and democratic rights are
deteriorating in manycountries as a result of authoritarian policies adopted by
populist leaders.This study analyzes how rising political populism in
developing countriesaffects whether their citizens pursue higher education
abroad. Applying theSynthetic Control Method, student migration patterns from
Hungary, Ukraine,Venezuela, and Indonesia are explored as cases constituting
early examples ofpopulism. The estimates show that the rise of populism in
these countriesincreases the number of citizens who attend universities in
foreign countries.Limited evidence for worsening higher education options in
the origincountries suggests that more students start pursuing foreign
education toincrease their chances of living abroad after graduation. |
| Keywords: | International Students, Outmigration of Skilled People,
Political Populism,Synthetic Control Method. |
| JEL: | F22 I23J24 O15 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:koc:wpaper:2123&r=&r=mig ;|
- Migration andSpatial Misallocation in China
| By: | Li,Xiaolu (Nanjing University of Posts and
Telecommunications);Ma, Lin(Singapore Management University);Tang,Yang (Nanyang
Technological University) |
| Abstract: | We structurally estimate the firm-level frictions across
prefectures inChinaand quantify their aggregate and distributional
implications. Based on ageneral equi-librium model with input and output
distortions and migration, weshow that the firm-level frictions are less
dispersed and less correlated withproductivity in richer prefectures.
Counterfactual exercises show thatreducing the within-prefecture mis-allocation
increases the aggregate welfare,discourages migration towards large cities, and
narrows the spatialinequality. Moreover, internal migration alleviates the
impacts ofmicro-frictions on aggregate welfare and worsens their impacts on
spatialinequality. |
| Keywords: | misallocation; regional trade; economic geography;
welfare gain |
| JEL: | F12 O11R12 |
| Date: | 2021–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:smuesw:2021_009&r=&r=mig ;|
- Socioemotional Skillsand Refugees' Language Acquisition
| By: | Kosyakova, Yuliya (Institute for Employment Research
(IAB),Nuremberg, Germany ; Univ. Bamberg);Laible, Marie-Christine (Institute
for Employment Research(IAB), Nuremberg, Germany) |
| Abstract: | "We analyze socioemotional skills’ role for
destination-languageproficiencyamong recent refugees in Germany. While
socioemotional skills have been shownto predict educational outcomes, they have
been overlooked for immigrants’language acquisition. We extend a
well-established model ofdestination-language proficiency and assume that
socioemotional skills’effects manifest through the channels of exposure,
efficiency, and incentives.Using longitudinal data and growth curve models, we
find that socioemotionalskills significantly shape destinationlanguage
learning. Openness to newexperiences, conscientiousness, risk appetite and
locus of control positivelyrelate to language proficiency, while extroversion,
agreeableness andneuroticism are insignificant. We observe mediating effects,
suggesting thatsocioemotional skills shape the channels of efficiency or
exposure. Moreover,we observe multiplication effects reinforcing other
advanta-geouscharacteristics’ effects on language proficiency. In sum,
socioemotionalskills affect refugees’ destination-language proficiency and
therebycontribute to sustainable economic and societal integration processes.
Weconclude by discussing policy implications." (Author's abstract,
IAB-Doku)((en)) |
| Keywords: | Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; Auswirkungen ; berufliche
Integration ; Deutschals Fremdsprache ; emotionale Intelligenz ; Geflüchtete
;Persönlichkeitsmerkmale ; Risikobereitschaft ; Selbstverantwortung ;
sozialeIntegration ; soziale Qualifikation ; Spracherwerb ;
IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung vonGeflüchteten ; 2016-2020 |
| JEL: | D91 J15J24 I26 |
| Date: | 2021–12–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabdpa:202119&r=&r=mig ;|
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