----- Forwarded Message -----From: Yuji Tamura <ernad@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>To:
"nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" <nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>Sent: Sunday, July 23, 2017,
7:51:41 PM GMT-5Subject: [nep-mig] 2017-07-23, 13 papers
|
| nep-mig | New EconomicsPapers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2017‒07‒23
thirteen papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
http://econpapers.repec.org/pta90
| |
- Why Don’t Highly Skilled WomenWant to Return? Turkey’s Brain Drain from a
GenderPerspectiveElveren, Adem Yavuz; Toksöz, Gülay
- Following YourJobMartijn Smit
- The clash of rural-urban migrantsand real estate investors on Phnom Penh's
housing market: Prospects for garmentworkersButtmann, Vera
- Measuring SocialConnectednessBailey, Michael; Cao, Ruiqing; Kuchler,
Theresa;Ströbel, Johannes; Wong, Arlene
- The Impact of Immigration on WageDynamics: Evidence from the Algerian
Independence WarAnthonyEdo
- The Labor Market Effects ofOpening the Border: Evidence from
SwitzerlandAndreas Beerli;Giovanni Peri
- Skill-Biased Technical Change andRegional ConvergenceElisa Giannone
- Margins of Labor Market Adjustmentto TradeRafael Dix-Carneiro; Brian K.
Kovak
- Immigration and Trade: The CaseStudy of Veneto Region in ItalyRiccardo
Fiorentini; AlinaVerashchagina
- The Labor Market Effects ofRefugee Waves: Reconciling Conflicting
ResultsMichael A.Clemens; Jennifer Hunt
- The role of migration-specific andmigration-relevant policies in migrant
decision-making intransitKuschminder, Katie; Koser, Khalid
- Challenged by migration: Europe'soptionsConstant, Amelie F.; Zimmermann,
Klaus F.
- Migration and Remittances in LatinAmerica and the Caribbean; Engines of
Growth and MacroeconomicStabilizers?Kimberly Beaton; Svetlana Cerovic; Misael
Galdamez;Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov; Franz Loyola; Zsoka Koczan; Bogdan Lissovolik;
Jan KeesMartijn; Yulia Ustyugova; Joyce Wong
- Why Don’t HighlySkilled Women Want to Return? Turkey’s Brain Drain from a
GenderPerspective
| Date: | 2017-07-20 |
| By: | Elveren, Adem Yavuz ; Toksöz, Gülay |
| This study examines the gender dimension of the brain drainin Turkey to
argue that genderinequality in sending countries can be a push factor for
women. Considering howthe political,social and cultural atmosphere damages
gender equality in Turkey due to a shifttoward aconservative, authoritarian
regime over the last decade, the paper uses anonline survey toanalyze the
gender gap in the return intentions of Turkish professionals andstudents
livingabroad. The findings clearly reveal a gender gap in return intentions
regardlessof other mainfactors such as age, study field/occupation or marital
status. The study alsohighlights thesignificant correlation between the gender
gap in migration decisions and genderinequality inTurkey’s labor market. |
| Keywords: | Brain drain, gender, skilled workers,students, migration
|
| JEL: | F22 J16 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:80290&r=mig ;|
- Following YourJob
| Date: | 2017-07 |
| By: | Martijn Smit |
| Evolutionary economic geography has awoken an interest inthe question
how regions can attract newhuman capital. One method is to attract migration
firms, who will bring (partof) their existingemployees. These people can then
attract or generate new jobs (Hoogstra, vanDijk, & Florax,2005). In this paper,
we study the mobility of employees when their firm decidesto move: do theystick
with their employer or not? And if they do, do they commute or not?Finally, we
link thedecision to commute longer distances to the availability of a company
car. Weuse microdata onindividual firms and employees to test whether employees
choose to follow theirfirm to anotherregion. We control for personal and job
characteristics. We find that having acompany car is notcorrelated with the
decision to stay with or to leave the current firm, butthose who have one
areless likely to move house, as long as the employee has a wage in the
topquartile, or lives in theurban areas of the Randstad with their stressed
housing market. Employees whoalready experiencedlong commutes before their
employer moved are not influenced by the presence ofa company car.Length: |
| JEL: | J61R23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:1718&r=mig ;|
- The clash ofrural-urban migrants and real estate investors on Phnom Penh's
housing market:Prospects for garment workers
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Buttmann, Vera |
| Housing markets of large cities around the world,particularly in
so-called developing andemerging countries, are currently experiencing a clash:
On the one hand, largenumbers of labourmigrants arrive from rural areas and
need cheap rental housing. On the otherhand, internationalreal estate
investment, particularly in the upper market segment, is strong.
Theresultingmismatch of housing demand and supply increases segregation,
marginalises thevulnerable and leadsto massive urban development problems.
Phnom Penh illustrates this particularlywell: Along withCambodia's rapid
globalisation in the last decades, hundreds of thousands
ofmigrants,particularly garment workers, have moved to the capital. Housing for
them isinsufficient both interms of supply and quality, though, because Phnom
Penh's entrepreneurial modeof governance alsoattracts many investors, who focus
on more profitable and prestigious realestate projects, oftenlinked to
speculation. These push land values up and push cheap rental housingfurther and
furtheroutside the city. This study carries out an indepth analysis of the
prospectsfor rural-urbanmigrant workers on Phnom Penh's investor-driven housing
market by firstlyoutlining both migrationand real estate investment trends and
by secondly examining the case of garmentworkers' housing.To complement the
scarce literature on the topic, field research and expertinterviews have
beenconducted. From these, an assessment of the status quo, of
stakeholders'approaches to it andfinally, proposals for action are derived. |
| Keywords: | housing,real estate
investment,entrepreneurialcity,urbanisation,ruralurban migration,migrant
workers,garmentindustry |
| JEL: | F63 F66 L67 R21 R23 R28 R31 R38 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ipewps:912017&r=mig ;|
- Measuring SocialConnectedness
| Date: | 2017-07 |
| By: | Bailey, Michael ; Cao,Ruiqing ; Kuchler, Theresa ; Ströbel,
Johannes ; Wong,Arlene |
| We introduce a new measure of social connectedness betweenU.S.
county-pairs, as well as betweenU.S. counties and foreign countries. Our
measure, which we call the 'SocialConnectedness Index'(SCI), is based on the
number of friendship links on Facebook, the world'slargest online
socialnetworking service. Within the U.S., social connectedness is strongly
decreasingin geographicdistance between counties: for the population of the
average county, 62.8% offriends live within100 miles. The populations of
counties with more geographically dispersed socialnetworks aregenerally richer,
more educated, and have a higher life expectancy. Region-pairsthat are
moresocially connected have higher trade flows, even after controlling
forgeographic distance and thesimilarity of regions along other economic and
demographic measures. Highersocial connectednessis also associated with more
cross-county migration and patent citations. Socialconnectednessbetween U.S.
counties and foreign countries is correlated with past migrationpatterns,
withsocial connectedness decaying in the time since the primary migration wave
fromthat country.Trade with foreign countries is also strongly related to
social connectedness.These resultssuggest that the SCI captures an important
role of social networks infacilitating both economicand social interactions.
Our findings also highlight the potential for the SCIto mitigate themeasurement
challenges that pervade empirical research on the role of socialinteractions
acrossthe social sciences. |
| Keywords: | Diffusion of Information; homophily; Measurement;
migration; PatentCitations; Social Networks; Trade |
| JEL: | D8 F1 J6 L14 O33 R23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:12146&r=mig ;|
- The Impact ofImmigration on Wage Dynamics: Evidence from the Algerian
IndependenceWar
| Date: | 2017-07 |
| By: | Anthony Edo |
| This paper investigates the dynamics of wage adjustment toan exogenous
increase in labor supplyby exploiting the sudden and unexpected inflow of
repatriates to France createdby theindependence of Algeria in 1962. I track the
impact of this particular supplyshift on the averagewage of pre-existing native
workers across French regions in 1962, 1968 and1976. I find thatregional wages
decline between 1962 and 1968, before returning to theirpre-shock level 15
yearsafter. While regional wages recovered, this particular supply shock
hadpersistent distributionaleffects. By increasing the relative supply of high
educated workers, the inflowof repatriatescontributed to the reduction of wage
inequality between high and low educatednative workers overthe whole period
considered (1962-1976). |
| Keywords: | Labor SupplyShock,;Wages;Immigration;Natural Experiment.
|
| JEL: | F22 J21 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cii:cepidt:2017-13&r=mig ;|
- The Labor MarketEffects of Opening the Border: Evidence fromSwitzerland
| Date: | 2017-06 |
| By: | Andreas Beerli (KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH
Zurich,Switzerland) ; Giovanni Peri |
| Between 1999 and 2004 Switzerland fully opened its borderregion (BR) to
cross-border workers(CBW), who are foreign residents commuting to Switzerland
for work. In thispaper, we exploit thetiming of implementation and the fact
that CBW commute almost exclusively tomunicipalities closeto the border to
estimate the effect of this policy on foreign labor supply andon native
labormarket outcomes, using a difference-in-difference approach. We find that
openingthe border to CBWincreased their employment within 10 minutes of
commuting time from the borderby 4 to 5percentage points. The increased inflow
was mainly constituted ofhighly-educated workers and itwas associated with an
increase of wages of highly-educated Swiss workers and nosignificantchanges of
wages of other workers. We also find weak evidence that employmentand hours
worked byless educated native workers increased. Native highly-educated workers
becamemore likely to filltop managerial positions after the liberalization and
they became more likely tostay in borderregions. Occupation upgrading and
complementarity with highly-educated natives,particularlystrong in highskilled
manufacturing and knowledge-intensive services, contributeto explainingthese
effects of CBW on natives. |
| Keywords: | border region,free labor mobility, policy change,
cross-border workers, labormarkets |
| JEL: | F22 J24 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kof:wpskof:17-431&r=mig ;|
- Skill-BiasedTechnical Change and Regional Convergence
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Elisa Giannone (University of Chicago) |
| Poorer US cities were catching up with richer ones at anannual rate of
roughly 1.4% between 1940and 1980. However, wage convergence across US cities
went from 1.4% a yearbetween 1940 and 1980to 0% a year between 1980 and 2010.
This paper quantifies the contributions ofskill-biasedtechnical change (SBTC)
and agglomeration economies to the end of cross-citieswage convergencewithin
the US between 1980 and 2010. I develop and estimate a dynamic
spatialequilibrium modelthat looks at the causes of the decline in spatial wage
convergence. The modelchoice is motivatedby novel empirical regularities
regarding the evolution of the skill premium andmigrationpatterns over time and
across space. The model successfully matches thequantitative features ofthe
decline in US regional wage convergence, as well as other stylized facts onUS
economicgrowth. Moreover, the model also reproduces the convergence and the
divergencein the skill ratioacross US cities and other features on quantities,
such as the secular declinein within USmigration after 1980. Finally, the
counterfactual analysis suggests that SBTCexplains theapproximately the 80% of
the decline of regional convergence between 1980 and2010 among highskill
workers. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:red:sed017:190&r=mig ;|
- Margins of LaborMarket Adjustment to Trade
| Date: | 2017-07 |
| By: | Rafael Dix-Carneiro ; Brian K.Kovak |
| We use both longitudinal administrative data andcross-sectional
household survey data to studythe margins of labor market adjustment following
Brazil's early 1990s tradeliberalization. Wedocument how workers and regional
labor markets adjust to trade-induced changesin local labordemand, examining
various adjustment margins, including earnings and wagechanges;
interregionalmigration; shifts between tradable and nontradable employment; and
shiftsbetween formalemployment, informal employment, and non-employment. Our
results provide insightinto the regionallabor market effects of trade, and have
important implications for policies thataddress informalemployment and that
assist trade-displaced workers. |
| JEL: | F14 F16 J46 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23595&r=mig ;|
- Immigration andTrade: The Case Study of Veneto Region in Italy
| Date: | 2017-02 |
| By: | Riccardo Fiorentini (Department of Economics (University
ofVerona)) ; Alina Verashchagina (Department of Economics (University
ofVerona)) |
| This paper investigates the relation between immigration andtrade by
focusing on Veneto region inItaly. The reference period is 2008-2015,
interfering with the economic crisis,thus the resultsobtained can be time
specific. The presence of immigrants in Veneto wasconstantly on the rise,also
during the crisis, although at a lower pace compared to pre-crisis years.The
question iswhich role could this play in ascertaining the stability, if not
expansion, oftrade relationsbetween the region and the countries of immigrants'
origin. The estimates ofgravity model suggesta non-linear relationship between
the number of immigrants and total exportsfrom (imports to) thehost-province to
(from) the country of origin, the type of this relationmoreover differs
bysector of origin of trade. Higher presence of immigrants can potentially
induceshifts in thestructure of local economy, especially if it is highly
dependent oninternational trade like inthe case of Veneto |
| Keywords: | Immigration, Exports, Imports,Gravity model,
Dose-response function |
| JEL: | F10 F14 F22 R10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ver:wpaper:03/2017&r=mig ;|
- The Labor MarketEffects of Refugee Waves: Reconciling ConflictingResults
| Date: | 2017-07 |
| By: | Michael A. Clemens ; JenniferHunt |
| An influential strand of research has tested for the effectsof
immigration on natives' wages andemployment using exogenous refugee supply
shocks as natural experiments. Severalstudies havereached conflicting
conclusions about the effects of noted refugee waves such asthe MarielBoatlift
in Miami and post-Soviet refugees to Israel. We show that conflictingfindings
on theeffects of the Mariel Boatlift can be explained by a large difference in
thepre- andpost-Boatlift racial composition in subsamples of the Current
Population Surveyextracts. Thiscompositional change is specific to Miami,
unrelated to the Boatlift, and arisesfrom selectingsmall subsamples of workers.
We also show that conflicting findings on the labormarket effects ofother
important refugee waves are caused by spurious correlation between
theinstrument and theendogenous variable introduced by applying a common
divisor to both. As a whole,the evidence fromrefugee waves reinforces the
existing consensus that the impact of immigrationon averagenative-born workers
is small, and fails to substantiate claims of largedetrimental impacts
onworkers with less than high school. |
| Keywords: | refugees, immigration, instrumentalvariables |
| JEL: | J61 O15 R23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1491&r=mig ;|
- The role ofmigration-specific and migration-relevant policies in migrant
decision-making intransit
| Date: | 2017-05-10 |
| By: | Kuschminder, Katie (UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University, and
EuropeanUniversity Institute) ; Koser,Khalid (UNU-MERIT, and Maastricht
University) |
| This paper examines the role of migration-specific
andmigration-relevant policies in migrantdecision-making factors for onwards
migration or stay in Greece and Turkey. Inthis paper wedistinguish
migration-specific policies from migration-relevant policies intransit
anddestination countries, and in each case distinguish favourable policies
fromadverse policies. Wetest this categorisation through an original survey of
1,056 migrants in Greeceand Turkey fromAfghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan and
Syria collected in 2015. The resultsindicate that, intransit countries, the
policies that most strongly influence migrants'decision-making are
adversemigration-specific and migration-relevant policies. By contrast, in
destinationcountriesfavourable migration-specific policies appear to be more
important thanmigration-relevantpolicies there in determining the choice of
destination. |
| Keywords: | migration policies,transit migration, irregular
migration, Greece, Turkey |
| JEL: | D01 F22 F66 O15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2017022&r=mig ;|
- Challenged bymigration: Europe's options
| Date: | 2017-03-29 |
| By: | Constant, Amelie F. (Princeton University) ; Zimmermann, Klaus
F. (UNU-MERIT, and Maastricht University) |
| This paper examines the migration and labour mobility in theEuropean
Union and elaborates ontheir importance for the existence of the EU. Against
all measures of success,the current publicdebate seems to suggest that the
political consensus that migration isbeneficial is broken. Thiscomes with a
crisis of European institutions in general. Migration and labourmobility have
notbeen at the origin of the perceived cultural shift. The EU in its current
formand ambition couldperfectly survive or collapse even if it solves its
migration challenge. But itwill most likelycollapse, if it fails to solve the
mobility issue by not preserving freeinternal labour mobilityand not
establishing a joint external migration policy. |
| Keywords: | labour mobility, migration, European Union,refugees |
| JEL: | D01 D02 D61 F02 F16 F22 F66 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2017018&r=mig ;|
- Migration andRemittances in Latin America and the Caribbean; Engines of
Growth andMacroeconomic Stabilizers?
| Date: | 2017-06-29 |
| By: | Kimberly Beaton ; Svetlana Cerovic ; MisaelGaldamez ; Metodij
Hadzi-Vaskov ; FranzLoyola ; Zsoka Koczan ; Bogdan Lissovolik ; JanKees Martijn
; Yulia Ustyugova ; JoyceWong |
| Outward migration has been an important phenomenon forcountries in
Latin American and theCaribbean (LAC), particularly those in Central America
and the Caribbean. Thispaper examinesrecent trends in outward migration from
and remittances to LAC, as well as theircosts andbenefits. For the home
country, the negative impact from emigration on laborresources andproductivity
seems to outweigh growth gains from remittances, notably for theCaribbean.
However,given emigration, remittance flows play key financing and stabilizing
roles inCentral America andthe Caribbean. They facilitate private consumption
smoothing, support financialsector stabilityand fiscal revenues, and help
reduce poverty and inequality, without strongevidence for
harmfulcompetitiveness effects through shifts in the real exchange rate. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:17/144&r=mig ;|
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