Hey, Last week I ordered the DPMI 1.0 specification from Intel. (Win3 implements parts of 0.9). It just arrived. =) From looking it over I have gained some insight to exactly how multitasking works under windows. The DPMI system allows for multiple 16-bit and 32-bit programs to operate within one or more virutal machines. There are two limitations on this system that have direct effect on how windows works. Firstly, modular software that consists of numerous shared components (.dll files, and the core .exe files of windows) must exist within a single virtual machine. That means that for a windows program to access windows services it must reside in the same Virtual Machine. Since there is no way to segregate programs within the same virtual machine, you can't prevent the spectacular cascade failures you often see with 'doze 3.11. =( Secondly, virtual machines are not multithreaded meaning that you cannot have pre-emptive multitasking within them. =( I'm going to study it in detail and see how best to fix these defficiencies. -- People who work on computers use linux; People who work on life use Macintosh =) http://users.erols.com/alangrimes/ <my website. Any usage of this e-mail account is subject to the terms and conditions specified on my website. To unsubscribe, send a message to listar@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx with "unsubscribe calmira_tips" in the body. OR visit http://freelists.dhs.org