As noted, lou_translate (and lou_allround) understand UTF-8. By default the file2brl program and the file2brl method used by BrailleBlaster assume ASCII in text files. The following configuration setting tells them to expect UTF-8. inputTextEncoding utf-8 Or you can use the following option -C inputTextEncoding=utf-8 A better approach is to put your information in a simple xml file, where UTF-8 is the default, in fact the only encoding accepted. for example: <dtbook> <p>first paragraph</p> <p>second paragraph</p> </dtbook> This is not a valid dtbook file, but libllouisutdml only requires that it be well-formed xml and use markup that it recognizes. John -- John J. Boyer; President, Chief Software Developer Abilitiessoft, Inc. http://www.abilitiessoft.com Madison, Wisconsin USA Developing software for people with disabilities