Walter writes: "It's not the sincerity and honesty that concerns me--it's the certainty of being correct. Especially, where the knowledge of what these other sorely "lacking" individuals actually believed and wrote is so slight. Pretty much everybody thinks he/she is right about pretty much everything. What matters are the arguments. Otherwise, it's just religion." ... I'm not sure I follow. The lacking individuals actually believed and wrote slightly. Therefore, the feeling of certainty that one has about them being "lacking" concerns you? This is because they would be misunderstood? Let me try to clear this up. The issue here are those in philosophy who base their energies around topics like "free will." (and many others like this). To Wittgensteinians, this is as pointless as catholics and protestants arguing to each other about who is right. Or, those who argue whether we have souls. And the reason why many in philosophy cannot see the insignificance of these "debates" is that they have not progressed sufficiently to understand Wittgensteinian ideas. Now, the issue becomes this: how do you show this? "Arguments" (as such) can't the the vehicle, because it assumes that each person's ability is equal in this respect, and that the matter lays itself out like mathematics might. The whole grammar of "argument" suggests that any person can be shown a mistake in premises, in logic, in proof, etc. -- and that this would resolve the whole thing. In point of fact, however, all it does is cause the thing to go on indefinitely. All it does is cause the next round of formalized allegiances. All it does is perpetuate the meaningless ritual of disputation. Instead, the method has to change. The method changes to something closer to aesthetics than to math. You don't ask: are the premises right? You ask, how refined is the perspective? All philosophies are perspectival in some respect -- including analytic philosophy. And the dismissing of certain pointless pursuits is not unlike the dismissing that occurs in art and literature with respect to what "counts." Good philosophy is closer to good art criticism that it is equations and mathematics. (Or science). I want to say: one who learns symbolic logic learns the art of shoveling. One who learns Wittgenstein learns the art of dance. In truth, Walter, the only way that ordinary minds can see the insights of Wittgenstein is through sessions wherein the pointless philosophic noise of certain conversations reduce themselves to EXAMPLES. All philosophic work is done "on the ground." Now, if you want, give us an example (a hypothetical) that shows where and how the free will problem presents any issue at all for philosophy or for science. I'll put you on the therapy clock if you wish. I'll try, once again, to show you that ghosts are pointless and that the church-club ethics you espouse is really only a way to protect your properties from invasion. Regards and thanks. Dr. Sean Wilson, Esq. Assistant Professor Wright State University Personal Website: http://seanwilson.org SSRN papers: http://ssrn.com/author=596860 Wittgenstein Discussion: http://seanwilson.org/wiki/doku.php?id=wittrs