(JP) ... here is what I would say. It is difficult to translate the grammar of "mistake" when at the outset we grant vastly different levels of play. It is common to think, e.g., that if God made a mistake, it would widely understood as calamitous. The idea is, I think, that since God is "big," the mistake must be gargantuan. But yet it would perfectly reasonable to assume that if God made a mistake, it would not be cognizable to us as a "mistake" at all, because the plane of reference would not be the same. That is, "mistake" or "error" is something that arises out of a way of knowing. And so, if Beethoven made a mistake in music, it might not sound like a mistake to us. Indeed, we might need trained to see it as a mistake. But if Beethoven made something we (Lilliputians) consider a "mistake," what would truly be the error would be our placing an ordinary and routine aesthetic as a frame for judgment of his. (See Jerry Springer). And so, applying this to Wittgenstein, one would never take the Emperor's "admission" of a mistake as anything but part of the music. It's part of the performance. We'd have to first understand the framework of the Emperor to see what the conditions for asserting mistake are in this realm. I say again. Anyone who sticks his nose into a Wittgenstein book with the purpose of informing his own reference frame is not doing the matter properly. What you do is try to learn the reference frame of the Beethoven. You chase his mind. Yours is irrelevant in the project. Only after you have an idea of what runs through his head can you begin to say such-and-such about the level of play you are encountering. One wants to say: you cannot criticize Wittgensgtein before communion. Dr. Sean Wilson, Esq. Assistant Professor Wright State University Personal Website: http://seanwilson.org SSRN papers: http://ssrn.com/author=596860 Discussion Group: http://seanwilson.org/wittgenstein.discussion.html ========================================= Need Something? Check here: http://ludwig.squarespace.com/wittrslinks/