Robert Paul writes: : Peter writes: : : > And the basic idea that the universe is computable goes back to Leibnitz.< : : As I don't understand what it means for the universe to be 'computable' I can : not : really say if the idea goes back to Leibniz or not, but I'd be interested to : learn where Leibniz might have said something that provides grounds for this : notion. My authority, such as it is, is in the URL that I included in the message. <URL: http://www.math.usf.edu/~eclark/ANKOS_zuse_fredkin_thesis.html>. I knew about Fredkin and Wolfram but when I was looking them up in Google I found the basis for my references to Zuse and Leibnitz, both of whom I only knew of in other contexts. The reference says Leibnitz "caused a stir by claiming that everything is computable.'' I substituted "the universe" for everything. Since the universe, whatever it is, would seem to a subset of everything, I don't think I distorted that statement in any serious way. As to what ``computable'' means, my understanding is that it means computable by a computer or a Turing machine or the equivalent. See: <URL: http://www.csee.umbc.edu/~squire/reference/computable.shtml>. -- Peter D. Junger--Case Western Reserve University Law School--Cleveland, OH EMAIL: junger@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx URL: http://samsara.law.cwru.edu NOTE: junger@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx no longer exists ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html