Can you give me a primer link on the stuff, Philip? Thanks, Gary Gary, it is a logarithm function, and I never did quite want to, use it. Although I did find log and trig tables handy. I will try for a link., the one I got it from.. Basically it is a mathmatical representation of what happens if you take a light bulb with a point source of light say of 10 watts. (related to lumens rated. ) And then you use reflectors to send all the light like a torch focus in to one directional beam.. This then will put a beam to that spot that might calculate to be the equivalent of what one would expect if the source of the lumens had been 1000 watts without any reflector. They used terms like effective power in the beam, and its aperture, which could be a segment of a sphere. With radio in my olden days for practical reasons at the lower frequencies the reference of the dB gain was over a dipole (which does not transmit from a spherical point in all directions. I for the same practical reasons preferred the to use the "power gain" rather than the more technical db gain. I just instinctivly said a 5db gain antenna would multiply the power by 3. With the gHz frequencies of satellites the dipole is almost a point source, so we use a dish. In any case I would still prefer to say, that if an antenna output was 30dbW (sa stated for Aussat. ) it would from a 30 watt input produce an equivalent power in its beam of 1034 Watts.. I would say it had a power gain of 1034/30 or 34. I am going into this detail to show how easy it is to prove the Geostat is there. The beam from that distance may spread to cover the continent of Australia, guess say 2000 000 Km2. Divide 1000 watts by this area in m2, and you have the amount of microwatts that hit a dish that is pointing at the source... The receiving dish will have the same if not higher power gain. and acting in reverse will amplify the signal to a quality at the central dipole/ low noise amplifier sufficient to provide a good TV picture. A storm or a bird, or a movement of the dish off co ordinates will lose or degrade the signal. Geostats are no good for moving receivers, unless they were provided with extremely complex autotracking equipment. The same idea is used for solar power where a dish of mirrors track the sun , focussing the one KW /per m2, all onto the boiler at the centre, producing steam at extremely high temperatures. Go a few degrees off from the sun, and there is no steam. Philip sorry for being longwinded. T