The terms intermediate CA and subject CA are used in the PKIX publications and in X.509. I have not found any exact definitions of those term in any PKIX document, but found some in 8.1.2 of X.509, but I am not sure that these definition are generally accepted in the PKI community. According to an intermediate CA is an CA issuing cross-certificate, while the subject CA is the one for which the cross-certificate is issued. However, the two CAs could have both roles. Erik Andersen Andersen's L-Service Elsevej 48, DK-3500 Vaerloese Denmark Mobile: +45 2097 1490 e-amail: era@xxxxxxx Skype: andersen-erik http://www.x500.eu/ http://www.x500standard.com/ <http://dk.linkedin.com/in/andersenerik> http://dk.linkedin.com/in/andersenerik