As I understand it, only machines activated using KMS require = reactivation every 180 days. MAK activation is permanent unless = significant hardware changes happen. http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsvista/bb335288.aspx Angus -----Original Message----- From: vista-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:vista-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx]On Behalf Of Jim Kenzig ThinHelp.com Sent: 05 July 2007 01:27 To: vista@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [VISTA] FAQ: Windows Vista Volume Activation: Can a Windows 2003 Server SP1 machine run Key Management Services for Windows Vista? Well as you start to get Windows Vista systems in, the question of = licensing is going to come up. I've had to do some research on this topic to = answer my own questions and now am sharing my results. In the enterprise you mainly have a choice of either Vista Business or = Vista Enterprise. The big difference in Vista Enterprise over Business is = that Enterprise will allow you to make up to 3 VM's with the same license on = one Vista Machine. Useful for developers! At any rate you have a choice of licensing Vista with either a what is called a Mutilple Access Key(MAK) or setting up your own Key Managment server (KMS) on site. Microsoft tries to explain its Vista licensing for volume activation users a bit at: http://www.microsoft.com/licensing/resources/vol/default.mspx Vista licensing is unlike other versions of Windows in that it will want = to be reactivated every 3 months. It does this either by contacting = Microsoft Servers using the MAK or by contacting a KMS server you have set up in = your environment. There is a stipulation about havint the ability to have a = KMS and it is there must be at least 25 Vista nodes to run it. Obviously if = you do not allow internet access to your users your choice is limited to = KMS. If you have less than 25 machines in your Office and don't allow = internet access you probably will be SOL after 3 months time. : ( So the rumour going around I have been gettingt told is that a Vista KMS = can only be run on either a Vista Machine or on Server 2008 (formerly code = named Longhorn and still not available yet!). This is not the case though! Microsoft in March of this year released Key Management Server software = that WILL run on Windows Server 2003 SP1 or later Servers. You can go out = and get it now from: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=3D81d1cb89-13bd-= 4250-b624-2f8c57a1ae7b&DisplayLang=3Den You will also want to have a look at the Windows Vista Volume Activation Technical guide which also has included a web page you can set up to = recover licenses that have gone into Reduced Functionality Mode (RFM) (go read = up on that one!) Check it out at: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=3D9893F83E-C8A5-= 4475-B025-66C6B38B46E3&displaylang=3Den Hope this gets a few of your questions answered about Windows Vista = Volume licensing and gets you pointed in the right direction to get started as Windows Vista Systems will be coming your way sooner than later! --=20 Jim Kenzig Microsoft MVP - Terminal Services http://www.thinhelp.com Citrix Technology Professional Provision Networks VIP CEO The Kenzig Group http://www.kenzig.com Blog: http://www.techblink.com ***************************** Windows Vista Links, list options=20 and info are available at: http://www.VistaPop.com ***************************** ***************************** Windows Vista Links, list options and info are available at: http://www.VistaPop.com *****************************