[TN-Bird] 'Grizzly' Harboldt
- From: "Bob Hatcher" <hatcher2@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- To: <tn-bird@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>, <SHarboldt@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Wed, 2 Jan 2008 15:57:10 -0600
Sam Harboldt
Jackson, TN
SHarboldt@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Sam,
Thanks for your inquiry about a reported "red wolf" sighting during your
recent birding visit to Pace Point of Henry County, TN.
Red wolves were seriously considered for reintroduction on TVA's Land
Between the Lakes during the 1980's. No red wolves were ever reintroduced
there (or anywhere else in West or Middle Tennessee). Coyotes were already
gradually migrating into the area from the west, and from an unauthorized
hunter-transplanted population in the Huntsville, AL area. Coyote sightings
quickly generated rumors of "red wolves" sightings as far to the east as
Smith County, TN.
Some of Tennessee's incoming coyotes had red wolf and dog genes, making it a
little difficult to judge the difference without skull and other
verification. Red wolves had historically fought with coyotes and were
thought to be the primary barriers to coyote migration from western states
to the east. However, whenever red wolf and/or coyote populations dwindled
so low that they could not find their own species with which to mate, they
chose the closest available options. Coyotes sometimes mated with dogs,
producing hybrid, but sexually viable, young. Such historic hybridization
contributes to a greater variety of coyote sizes and characteristics,
compared to their pure strains. Much testing, concerning the relative
genetic purities of coyotes in Tennessee, has been conducted by Dr. Michael
Kennedy of the University of Memphis.
Well before coyotes' gradual natural migration into Tennessee, coyotes and
red wolves were badly hybridizing in the western states. By the 1970's,
the last pure red wolves of eastern Texas were about hybridizing themselves
out of existence as a separate species. The remaining pure red wolves of
that Texas region were therefore removed from the wild, taken to a Tacoma,
Washington Zoo site, and tested for true red wolf breeding characteristics.
The pure red wolf offspring were re-introduced into their historic ranges of
a few eastern states, where coyotes had not yet migrated from the west. In
1991, some pure red wolves were placed in Cades Cove of the Smoky Mts
National Park, which was the only re-introduction of red wolves ever
attempted in Tennessee. However, all young that had not been vaccinated,
died in the wild, possibly from parvo disease, to which they had not been
historically exposed and therefore had no natural immunity. In 1998, the
US Fish and Wildlife Service announced cancellation of the red wolf project
in Tennessee, By 1999, all remaining red wolves were removed from the wild
in the Cades Cove area and transferred to captive breeding facilities and to
the Alligator National Wildlife Refuge of NE NC, where red wolves had
already been re-established.
Ed Penrod, District Widlife Biologist of Columbia, TN, apparently found the
first coyote in the wild in Tennessee. When I encountered him at VFW Lake in
Lawrence County, TN in 1965 or 1966, he had just shot and killed, what he
thought was a coyote, the night before in Franklin County, TN. A farmer had
been complaining about the animal's (or animals') repeatedly destroying his
commercial crop of watermelons, of all things. Ed Penrod suspected the
dead canid was a coyote but needed to have it scientifically verified.
Since I worked out of the Nashville office of the old Tennessee Game and
Fish Commission (now TWRA), he asked if I could take the carcass to
Nashville and send it to Dr. Michael Kennedy for analysis. It was indeed a
coyote, and, as far as I know, the first verified one in Tennessee.
There is a good article at
http://www.chattoogariver.org/index.php?quart=Su2002&req=wolves concerning
red wolf recovery efforts, including the aborted 8-year Cades Cove red wolf
experiment.
Bob Hatcher
Retired TWRA Nongame & Endangered Wildlife Coordinator (1978 - 2001)
Brentwood, TN
***************
----- Original Message -----
From: "Samuel Harboldt, M.D." <SHarboldt@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
To: <tn-bird@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Sent: Wednesday, January 02, 2008 10:12 AM
Subject: [TN-Bird] 'Grizzly' Harboldt
Sam Harboldt
Jackson, TN
1/2/08
Am new to tn-bird, and don't know if this will send or not. My wife Susan
and I birded often before kids (about 20 years ago). The kids have put
plenty of gray hairs on my head since then, so looking pretty grizzly by
now. Time has also given me a chance to forget what little I did know about
birds. Short visit on brisk, windy, snowy, New Years Day at Pace Point, TN
NWR in Henry County:.
Barred Owl 1 - my first ever and the highlight of the day.
Golden Eagle, immature, with underwing proximal primary white patch and
slight dihedral. 1
Am Kestrel 1
R.T. Hawk 1
Killdeer 1
Tufted Titmouse 1
N. Cardinals ++
Blue Jays ++
Song Sparrow 1
W.T. Sparrows + one taking a frigid bath in a tiny roadside stream
Hooded Mergansers ++
Gadwalls +
Am Widgeons +
N. Pintail +
Mallards +++
P.B. Grebe +
N. Shoveler +
Canada Goose +++
Gulls ++ (distant)
Crows +++ (distant)
Wild canine (see below)
It sounds crazy to me, so I suppose all will think so: could there be red
wolves at TN NWR at Pace Point in Henry County? he other highlight was a
wild canine crossing the gravel road less than a hundred feet in front of
me. After crossing 20 feet or so into the cover of the woods, it stopped
and looked back, not at my car but toward the direction from which it had
come, as though concerned about kinfolks. This pause afforded me a very
good look through my binoculars. It was about the size and texture of a
Rough Coated Collie or German Shepherd-Collie mix, but clearly blockier and
more muscular, and with it's splendid spiky coat appearing ruffed up as
if in response to the cold wind. However, these were not Collie or German
Shepherd colors, but those of coyote or wolf, and the facial physiognomy was
not Collie. It's head looked rather broad. As I'm well aware that gray
wolves don't run there, I concluded forthwith that it was an extra
good-looking coyote, not even thinking of red wolf. A few minutes later I
chatted briefly with a couple of older local men cruising the refuge in a
pickup, who asked if I'd seen wolves. They maintained with great assurance
that red wolves run there, which came as a great surprise to me. I told
them that I understand that there is some (debatable) DNA etc. evidence for
interbreeding between coyotes and red wolves (believe I read this is Scott
Weidensaul's Mountains of the Heart), but they wouldn't budge on their
theory. Then I was left to ponder - how red is red? It seemed a gorgeous
mixed pelt of gray and tawny (red?) tones with subtle black highlights.
This leaves me interested in hearing from any knowledgeable persons and/or
needing to contact the refuge officials to learn if there has indeed been
some reintroduction attempt. I have heard of spots in the
Appalachians/Southeast where there are programs to reintroduce the red wolf.
If only coyotes are known to be there, special protection
wouldn't be necessary, but if red wolf is there I'd be concerned that
ill-informed and prejudiced locals might enjoy cruising the area and taking
down any reintroduced animals. In that case the support of outdoor-minded
persons such as birders could be important, so I'll run the risk of
appearing gullible. I want to stress that I'm not reporting a red wolf
siting, however, I was quite struck with the rugged beauty of this beast,
who had a bold erect stance and lacked the skulking posture and scrawny look
I associate with coyotes. Perhaps it just looked bigger and better pelted
because it was cold and I saw it so close.
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=================NOTES TO SUBSCRIBER=====================
The TN-Bird Net requires you to SIGN YOUR MESSAGE with
first and last name, CITY (TOWN) and state abbreviation.
You are also required to list the COUNTY in which the birds
you report were seen. The actual DATE OF OBSERVATION should
appear in the first paragraph.
_____________________________________________________________
To post to this mailing list, simply send email to:
tn-bird@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
_____________________________________________________________
To unsubscribe, send email to:
tn-bird-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field.
______________________________________________________________
TN-Bird Net is owned by the Tennessee Ornithological Society
Neither the society(TOS) nor its moderator(s)
endorse the views or opinions expressed
by the members of this discussion group.
Moderator: Wallace Coffey, Bristol, TN
wallace@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
------------------------------
Assistant Moderator Andy Jones
Cleveland, OH
-------------------------------
Assistant Moderator Dave Worley
Rosedale, VA
__________________________________________________________
Visit the Tennessee Ornithological Society
web site at http://www.tnbirds.org
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
ARCHIVES
TN-Bird Net Archives at //www.freelists.org/archives/tn-bird/
EXCELLENT MAP RESOURCES
Topographical Maps located at http://topozone.com/find.asp
Tenn.Counties Map at http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/states/tennessee3.gif
Aerial photos to complement google maps http://local.live.com
_____________________________________________________________
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