You are correct Gordon. There are quite a few things that human society is willing (on the whole) to pay for just to feel good. What I object to (and so do you) is hiding the costs. I'd like to see on every product that is sold that is subject to these laws, a statement about what the costs of the goods are to recycle them. I just replaced a battery in my APC UPS unit and the box came with a UPS Ground return label to APC. At first I thought "well, how nice of them" and then I realized, that I was probably paying for that return cost and that they were getting the lead back to reuse. That's not all bad, though, is it? Here's an excellent report on the history of lead from the US Geological Survey, in case anyone's interested. It's a bit dated (1998) but it's a wealth of information http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-170/of01-170.pdf In 1998, recycled lead represented nearly 77% of refined lead production in the United States. The spent lead-acid battery is the dominant source of lead for reprocessing by the secondary lead industries. Thus, the efficiency with which these batteries are collected, reprocessed, and returned to the marketplace in the form of refined lead is of prime importance in maintaining the required supply of lead in the United States. In 1998, about 98% of all recycled lead was produced by 9 companies operating 17 battery recycling plants in Alabama, California, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Minnesota, Missouri, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Texas. http://www.ila-lead.org/documents/FS_Recycling.pdf The recycling of lead brings many advantages both to industry and to society at large, in areas such as energy consumption, carbon emissions, resource conservation and costs. As far as energy consumption is concerned, the recycling of used lead products requires only about one-third of the energy needed to produce lead from its ores. This results in major energy savings and reduces carbon emissions. Apart from these savings in energy resources, the reduced demand for virgin metal also results in less demand for lead ores which can thus be conserved for future generations. The recovery of used lead products and the recycling industry have also created significant employment opportunities. These factors, coupled with lower costs, mean that recycling is a very attractive option for users of lead containing products, and a valuable contribution to sustainability. Bob From: tinwhiskers-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:tinwhiskers-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Gordon Davy Sent: Wednesday, September 03, 2008 9:06 PM To: tinwhiskers@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [tinwhiskers] Re: Trade in electronic scrap grows as recycling laws expand Here's my revision to the first sentence of the recycling article. "The trade in 'e-scrap' is growing, thanks to rapidly expanding recycling laws that force consumers to subsidize the operation since (unlike the situation for certain other kinds of recycling such as automobiles, for which there is no legislated mandate) the cost exceeds the value of the output." Same facts, different spin. The value to society of this mandated recycling - apart from making people feel noble - has not been supported with a cost-benefit analysis. Gordon Davy