Laughing and Franklin’s Gull plumages seems to be not quite adequate portrayed in some popular bird guides so they might be misleading for some people. In short: Sibley illustrated LAGU with white tips of outer primaries in basic plumage (also in alternate plumage when in fact those white tips are usually gone by then and all outer primary tips look solid black) but National Geographic guide portrayed *all* LAGU plumages only with outer primaries without any white tips. Many say that molt is the most understudied and underappreciated aspect of birds. It was also said that it may takes many years just to fully understand the molt terminology (which keeps evolving!) so there are many mistakes done in texts and photo captions out there on the net and it is easy to be misguided. FRGUs are known that they can have 2 complete molts per year (prealternate molt can be complete or partial). So, PA1 can be partial or complete, Dec-May, and is followed by complete PB2, Jun-Oct (Pyle, 2008). We (perhaps should say “I“) do not see many second calendar year FRGUs in southern parts of Texas during the summers (perhaps it is so hot that we spend more time at home). Here is an example from June 9 this year (Aransas Co.) that I found interesting. I think it is a SY bird (never saw one this age before during the summer). Primaries were molted all way to p9 with only p10 left from juvenile plumage (PF is partial). Although it was noted that some individuals can retain not molted outer primaries and even more old outer pp coverts (like this individual that did not molt all pp coverts even that corresponding primaries are new) in this case many inner secondaries are shed and I would assume bird is still actively molting and shed ss will be replaced soon. This process (perhaps it will include replacing p10 as well?) will extend PA1 time to perhaps July. All rectrices seem to be already replaced. Also please note that it looks like the PB2 already started (the P1 with corresponding p covert were replaced) if so than in this bird these two molts, PA1 and PB2, are overlapping. _http://www.pbase.com/mbb/image/144520454_ (http://www.pbase.com/mbb/image/144520454) Molt in gulls, terns etc can be fascinating to watch but often gives the observer (perhaps speaking of myself) the sensation of being inside tall, thick jungle where not much light can be seen. It seems that in most cases there are 2-3 possible explanations and usually there are no chances to see a molt progress as the individual birds are hard or impossible to find again. Perhaps others will have some interesting observations/opinions to share. BTW if anybody has opinion about P5 of this SY LAGU (May 5) and want to share it I would like to hear it. _http://www.pbase.com/mbb/image/144520430_ (http://www.pbase.com/mbb/image/144520430) Lately I collected examples of many molt cases which are giving me constant headache when I am looking at them (and not only I have this headache). I will try to upload some examples but still want to organize them better first. Mark B Bartosik Houston, Texas _http://www.pbase.com/mbb/from_the_field_ (http://www.pbase.com/mbb/from_the_field) (keep adding some rarely seen/photographed stuff there so some might be interested to check it)