dear sir, I confuse to use the bulk bypass capacitor. It is sai= d that the bulk capacitor is not to cancel the switch noise,but to eliminat= e the low frequency noise such as refresh of DRAMs. So i think it does not = need to place the bulk capacitor near power pins of chips, Is it right?(que= stion 1) And i see some mater= ials which recommed to place lots of small distributed bulk capacitor on th= e board instead of using a few large bulk ones. So if this idea is true, wh= en we choose the bulk capacitor,we only need to calculate all the current i= n the circuit and choose the corresponding bulk capacitors whose sum is equ= al to the request, then distribute them on the board. That is to say we nee= d not to choose bulk capacitors according to precise requirement of every c= hips and assign everychips a bulk capacitor.Is that right?(question 2) = At very low frequecy, up to seve= ral KHZ typically, the voltage regulator module supplies enough low impedan= ce and the ripple voltage is small enough. So we need no bypass capacitors = in this bandwidth. Compared with a actual system, i concider the power chip= s as the voltage regulator module, but as we know the power supply circuit = contain a large value capacitor used to keep stable voltage, can i concider= it as a bulk capacitorand subtract its value from the requested bulk capa= citance by all the circuit? (question 3) &= nbsp; BEST WISHES --=20 ___________________________________________________________ Sign-up f= or Ads Free at Mail.com http://www.mail.com/?sr=3Dsignup[1] --- Links --- 1 3D"http://mail01.mail.com/scripts/payment/adtracking.cgi?bannercode= ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List FAQ wiki page is located at: http://si-list.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Si-List_FAQ List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu