Hi Guys, According to the basic definition the elements are connected in series only if they have the same through current. The elements are connected in parallel if they have the same across voltage. The word SAME means that the identity is forced by topology and Kirkhoff laws. If we have several blocks connected to each other, we should call them cascaded, not connected in series. For cascaded blocks there are other simple rules (like ABCD-parameters) we can use to find the cumulative effect. But this will not be currents of voltages but rather transfer functions or something else. Of course there could be passive multiports (e.g. connectors/packages etc.) that are in no way series elements. Passivity here may be determined from analyzing eigenvalues of their S/Y or Z parameter matrices. There can also be series non-passive devices. These typically demonstrate negative differential impedance (conductance) and frequently are small signal approximations of nonlinear passive devices. Please note that diode or transistor by itself is a passive device, for it cannot generate energy. However, if properly biased by external sources, it may have negative differential impedance and demonstrate small-signal non-passivity. Vladimir >Msg: #5 in digest >From: "Andrew Ingraham" <a.ingraham@xxxxxxxx> >Subject: [SI-LIST] Re: passive component .vs. series component >Date: Mon, 18 Jun 2007 14:17:58 -0400 >> My another point is, do you call pull-up/pull-down registers series ? >Pull-up/pull-down RESISTORS (not registers, those are something else >entirely) are not in any way series components with respect to the signal >path. At least that's my opinion. >> Do you call any combinations of component series >> which connect signal to ground/power net ? >Possibly. A filter might be in series with the signal path, but have a >connection to power or ground. >Even something like a short transmission line inserted in series in a signal >path (perhaps used as an impedance matching or tuning device) has connections to ground. >Andy ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.net List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu