Hi Deng, You might want to look up the publications of Stefano Grivet-Talocia he has done alot of macromodeling of interconnects and has examined Passivity enforcement. He is at the Politecnico di Torino Italy and their web page (contains publications) is: www.eln.polito.it/research/emc He also gave a tutorial last May at the Signal Propagtion on Interconnects Workshop at Heidelberg Germany and the presentation is at: http://www.spi.uni-hannover.de/ Hope this is of use, Eoin (emcgibney@xxxxxx) ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List FAQ wiki page is located at: http://si-list.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Si-List_FAQ List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu