Shekhar, One of the first things you need to realize when working with EMI is that there are no clear-cut rules. That said, there are some generalizations you can make. In the case of parallel I/O, balanced lines are generally quieter than unbalanced. Twisted pairs are usually quieter and terminated lines are usually quieter. When I say quiet, I mean that there is less RF noise being radiated. Certainly, synchronous pulsing in an unbalanced line can be very noisy. Making the pulse edges asynchronous or offset by some amount does help in that it spreads the energy over some time. All radiation that leaves a product is the result of a difference in voltage impressed across some impedance (dVdT). The return path of the noise or the total loop area around this impedance forms an antenna which in turn radiates energy. This path is sometimes referred to a loop area of the antenna. There are a multitude of way this can happen and many factors that must be considered in order to gain a full understanding of this problem. I suggest you read the book "Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems" by Henry W. Ott. -Doug -----Original Message----- From: si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of shekhar sharma Sent: Thursday, June 15, 2006 9:28 AM To: si-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [SI-LIST] EMI Hi, I have a question about electromagnatic radiation. In parallel interface, there are two conditions: when all IOs are switiching in one direction simultaneously and IOs are switching in one direction with some delay with each other (ie one after another). In two above conditions which will have more EM radiation and why? Also It will be great help from your side if you can tell me some literature regarding to EM radiation calculation. Thanks in advance, Shekhar -- Attached file included as plaintext by Ecartis -- This message, including any attachments, may contain information that is confidential and proprietary information of Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. The dissemination, distribution, use or copying of this message or any of its attachments is strictly prohibited without the express written consent of Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List FAQ wiki page is located at: http://si-list.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Si-List_FAQ List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu