In theory, one can examine how close the measured/simulated S-parameters are causal by testing the Kramers-Kronig relationships by performing Hilbert transformation between the complex components. Even if the S-parameters are bandwidth limited, one can extrapolate below the lower limit to DC and do the Hilbert transform to get the approximate extension. Doing the Cauchy principal value integral is non-trivial. I asked for a reference a while ago and some of the reference quoted does not work out well. You will lost some of the high limit data but that can be minimized by your sampling points. HTH, Chris -----Original Message----- From: si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Luciano Boglione Sent: Saturday, August 21, 2010 4:06 PM To: si-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [SI-LIST] Causality test Hi folks, Is there a "test" that can be executed directly on a given S parameter set that can confirm causality of the network? Put yourself in the best possible conditions (e.g. off the top of my head, frequency ranges from DC to infinity continuously). I'm asking for something similar to a passivity test in the frequency domain. Thanks, Luciano . Sent via BlackBerry from T-Mobile ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.net List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu This email and any attachments thereto may contain private, confidential, and privileged material for the sole use of the intended recipient. Any review, copying, or distribution of this email (or any attachments) by others is strictly prohibited. If you are not the intended recipient, please contact the sender immediately and permanently delete the original and any copies of this email and any attachments thereto. ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.net List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu