IMO, the book mentioned above by Curtis Brown is outstanding (though not always complimentary to our breed). My apologies to Ed Anderson <G>. It took me a year to unpack the dog books! Anyway, the book compares assemblies of wild trotting/galloping dogs all the way to modern trotting and galloping dogs w/ outstanding photos and diagrams.....it compares desirable structures for locomotion w/ various breed standards and references such things as pressure plate tests used to determine energy efficiency. (Pressure plates measuring foot fall, energy and efficiency). What I came away with is the understanding that we're not exactly correct when we (GSD enthusiasts and other breed enthusiasts hooked on "movement") justify our desire for "big movers" w/ added angulation w/ the defense that TRAD (tremendous reach and drive) it is THE most efficient way of moving. Even w/ dogs that one would be hard pressed to call "extreme", there is simply too much energy output v distance covered to make the "it's the most efficient" argument. So what? I don't want to look at something that resembles a wolf , jackal or large fox in my back yard or sleeping on the couch <G>. Still, I no longer make the "more is better argument" when it comes to efficiency, because science handily disproves it:) The book is dry, chock full of foot notes and studies and not something to get through in one or two sittings. Still, a good read and handy reference guide IMO. Kathy visit _Pine Hill German Shepherd Dogs_ (http://www.geocities.com/pinehillgsds/) ============================================================================ POST is Copyrighted 2005. All material remains the property of the original author and of GSD Communication, Inc. NO REPRODUCTIONS or FORWARDS of any kind are permitted without prior permission of the original author AND of the Showgsd-l Management. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALL PERSONS ARE ON NOTICE THAT THE FORWARDING, REPRODUCTION OR USE IN ANY MANNER OF ANY MATERIAL WHICH APPEARS ON SHOWGSD-L WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PERMISSION OF ALL PARTIES TO THE POST AND THE LIST MANAGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY FORBIDDEN, AND IS A VIOLATION OF LAW. VIOLATORS OF THIS PROHIBITION WILL BE PROSECUTED. For assistance, please contact the List Management at admin@xxxxxxxxxxxx VISIT OUR WEBSITE - http://www.showgsd.org ============================================================================