Hi Hellen >Does anyone have information and examples of using "CDATA"? Let's say you have to insert the character "<" as text in an element = named "a". This is an invalid XML document: <?xml version=3D"1.0" encoding=3D"UTF-8"?> <a><</a> This is a valid XML document: <?xml version=3D"1.0" encoding=3D"UTF-8"?> <a><![CDATA[<]]></a> HTH Chris -- //www.freelists.org/webpage/oracle-l