[nnasnet] Fw: Weekly digest for Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, on July 13, 2019

• From: Melissa Gross <melissagross@xxxxxxxxxxx>
• To: NNASnet <nnasnet@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
• Date: Sun, 14 Jul 2019 21:15:01 +0000

More about monarchs....not being an expert in butterflies, I found this pretty 
interesting. Enjoy

________________________________
From: Naturally Curious with Mary Holland <donotreply@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Sent: Saturday, July 13, 2019 10:11 AM
To: melissagross@xxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: Weekly digest for Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, on July 13, 2019

Mary Holland posted: " The very first meal that a Monarch Butterfly caterpillar 
eats is its own eggshell.  In order to hatch, it eats its way out of the egg, 
and then polishes off the remainder of the eggshell.  It then starts to wander 
around the leaf and if it finds anoth"
New post on Naturally Curious with Mary Holland
[https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/cropped-naturally-curious.jpg?w=32]
[http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/2f68fa0a2118c80811a23d5613ffacbc?s=50&d=identicon&r=G]<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fauthor%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland%2F&sr=1&signature=9ab33e1e26e5e2dfc2682d1f6c4aa2d2&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>
Monarch Butterfly Larvae Are 
Cannabalistic<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2F2019%2F07%2F12%2Fmonarch-butterfly-larvae-are-cannabalistic%2F&sr=1&signature=c66c73db5a053d105437c07fb58f5142&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>
by Mary 
Holland<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fauthor%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland%2F&sr=1&signature=9ab33e1e26e5e2dfc2682d1f6c4aa2d2&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>

[https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.files.wordpress.com/2019/07/7-15-19-monarch-eating-eggshell-img_4494.jpg?w=560]

The very first meal that a Monarch Butterfly caterpillar eats is its own 
eggshell.  In order to hatch, it eats its way out of the egg, and then polishes 
off the remainder of the eggshell.  It then starts to wander around the leaf 
and if it finds another Monarch egg, it will start to eat it.

Female Monarch Butterflies lay 300-500 eggs over two to five weeks of 
egg-laying. Normally, a Monarch only lays one egg at a time (on the underside 
of a tender, young milkweed leaf).  It is fairly rare to find more than one egg 
on a leaf, or even on the same plant.  After a female lays an egg, several 
seconds up to a minute goes by before she lays another egg (referred to as a 
refractory period). During this time she usually moves on and finds another 
milkweed plant on which to lay the next egg.  This lapse of time between the 
laying of each egg probably evolved to discourage the laying of multiple eggs 
on one leaf and to encourage the dispersal of a female’s eggs on different 
milkweed plants so as to decrease the chances of cannibalism occurring.

According to Dr. Lincoln Brower, renowned Monarch entomologist, a cluster of 
Monarch eggs on any given milkweed leaf indicates that either milkweed is in 
short supply, or the female that laid the eggs is either sick, very old or she 
has been flying for a very long time and several eggs have matured.

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Mary 
Holland<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fauthor%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland%2F&sr=1&signature=9ab33e1e26e5e2dfc2682d1f6c4aa2d2&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>
 | July 12, 2019 at 8:04 am | Tags: Danaus 
plexippus<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Ftag%2Fdanaus-plexippus%2F&sr=1&signature=92e0cf91d4dc8b2651481e5bd5c02cfb&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>
 | Categories: 
Butterflies<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fcategory%2Fbutterflies%2F&sr=1&signature=fd98fb67f9c53175dc2090343b2eead6&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>,
 Insect 
Eggs<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fcategory%2Finsect-eggs%2F&sr=1&signature=6f93c6c78cc25dad86d2c51ff9bfb5bb&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>,
 
Insects<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fcategory%2Finsects%2F&sr=1&signature=085c8444bc5a253903d9a2799d5107b3&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=eyJlcnJvciI6bnVsbCwiYmxvZ19pZCI6MTE4OTI1MzEsImJsb2dfbGFuZyI6ImVuIiwic2l0ZV9pZF9sYWJlbCI6IndwY29tIiwiZW1haWxfbmFtZSI6ImVtYWlsX3N1YnNjcmlwdGlvbiIsIl91dCI6ImFub24iLCJfdWkiOiI4YTMyODAwZmY0MmE1NzZhYTc4YTc2NmRjZDM5OGIwYiIsImVtYWlsX2lkIjoiZWE2ZjUxZjQ4MjlkMGU1OTc5ODc5NDkwMzM2MGZlNmEiLCJkYXRlX3NlbnQiOiIyMDE5LTA3LTEzIiwiZG9tYWluIjoibmF0dXJhbGx5Y3VyaW91c3dpdGhtYXJ5aG9sbGFuZC53b3JkcHJlc3MuY29tIiwiZnJlcXVlbmN5IjoiMTY4IiwiZGlnZXN0IjoiMSIsImhhc19odG1sIjoiMSIsImxvY2FsZSI6ImVuIiwiYW5jaG9yX3RleHQiOiJJbnNlY3RzIiwiX2RyIjpudWxsLCJfZGwiOiJcLyIsIl9lbiI6IndwY29tX2VtYWlsX2NsaWNrIiwiX3RzIjoxNTYzMDI3NTU4MTMxLCJicm93c2VyX3R5cGUiOiJwaHAtYWdlbnQiLCJfYXVhIjoid3Bjb20tdHJhY2tzLWNsaWVudC12MC4zIiwiX3VsIjpudWxsLCJibG9nX3R6IjoiLTQiLCJ1c2VyX2xhbmciOm51bGx9&_z=z>,
 
July<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fcategory%2Fjuly%2F&sr=1&signature=5e7d0c6669d763df9fe21f2ec365336c&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>,
 Monarch 
Butterfly<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fcategory%2Fmonarch-butterfly%2F&sr=1&signature=fd721b48d55c862c63d181b56e1cf490&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>
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Mary Holland posted: "Nine years after the original edition of Naturally 
Curious came out, a second edition is being released. New photos have been 
added and updates have been made. I am delighted that it is still in print, 
especially because numerous schools and colleges have"
New post on Naturally Curious with Mary Holland
[https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/cropped-naturally-curious.jpg?w=32]
[http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/2f68fa0a2118c80811a23d5613ffacbc?s=50&d=identicon&r=G]<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fauthor%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland%2F&sr=1&signature=9ab33e1e26e5e2dfc2682d1f6c4aa2d2&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>
Second Edition of Naturally Curious 
Released<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2F2019%2F07%2F12%2Fsecond-edition-of-naturally-curious-released%2F&sr=1&signature=1796fae61dd3027fcdbd1cee116bfb41&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>
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Holland<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fauthor%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland%2F&sr=1&signature=9ab33e1e26e5e2dfc2682d1f6c4aa2d2&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=eyJlcnJvciI6bnVsbCwiYmxvZ19pZCI6MTE4OTI1MzEsImJsb2dfbGFuZyI6ImVuIiwic2l0ZV9pZF9sYWJlbCI6IndwY29tIiwiZW1haWxfbmFtZSI6ImVtYWlsX3N1YnNjcmlwdGlvbiIsIl91dCI6ImFub24iLCJfdWkiOiI4YTMyODAwZmY0MmE1NzZhYTc4YTc2NmRjZDM5OGIwYiIsImVtYWlsX2lkIjoiZWE2ZjUxZjQ4MjlkMGU1OTc5ODc5NDkwMzM2MGZlNmEiLCJkYXRlX3NlbnQiOiIyMDE5LTA3LTEzIiwiZG9tYWluIjoibmF0dXJhbGx5Y3VyaW91c3dpdGhtYXJ5aG9sbGFuZC53b3JkcHJlc3MuY29tIiwiZnJlcXVlbmN5IjoiMTY4IiwiZGlnZXN0IjoiMSIsImhhc19odG1sIjoiMSIsImxvY2FsZSI6ImVuIiwiYW5jaG9yX3RleHQiOiJNYXJ5IEhvbGxhbmQiLCJfZHIiOm51bGwsIl9kbCI6IlwvIiwiX2VuIjoid3Bjb21fZW1haWxfY2xpY2siLCJfdHMiOjE1NjMwMjc1NTgxMzMsImJyb3dzZXJfdHlwZSI6InBocC1hZ2VudCIsIl9hdWEiOiJ3cGNvbS10cmFja3MtY2xpZW50LXYwLjMiLCJfdWwiOm51bGwsImJsb2dfdHoiOiItNCIsInVzZXJfbGFuZyI6bnVsbH0&_z=z>

[e-cover of NC II -100 ppi]Nine years after the original edition of Naturally 
Curious came out, a second edition is being released. New photos have been 
added and updates have been made. I am delighted that it is still in print, 
especially because numerous schools and colleges have incorporated Naturally 
Curious into their curricula and I would love to see this practice continue. 
Thank you for purchasing a copy of the first edition – your endorsement is what 
made a second edition possible! A short “book trailer” video of the new edition 
can be seen here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFtGPjPWKv0 .  If you are ;
interested in purchasing a copy of the new edition, you can order directly from 
the publisher by clicking on the image of the cover on the Naturally Curious 
blog site, or you can order it from online bookstores.

Naturally Curious is supported by donations. If you choose to contribute, you 
may go to 
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Mary 
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 | July 12, 2019 at 7:13 am | Tags: Naturally 
Curious<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fcategory%2Fnaturally-curious%2F&sr=1&signature=a8520e64a4094f5b3267175087c61cf8&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=eyJlcnJvciI6bnVsbCwiYmxvZ19pZCI6MTE4OTI1MzEsImJsb2dfbGFuZyI6ImVuIiwic2l0ZV9pZF9sYWJlbCI6IndwY29tIiwiZW1haWxfbmFtZSI6ImVtYWlsX3N1YnNjcmlwdGlvbiIsIl91dCI6ImFub24iLCJfdWkiOiI4YTMyODAwZmY0MmE1NzZhYTc4YTc2NmRjZDM5OGIwYiIsImVtYWlsX2lkIjoiZWE2ZjUxZjQ4MjlkMGU1OTc5ODc5NDkwMzM2MGZlNmEiLCJkYXRlX3NlbnQiOiIyMDE5LTA3LTEzIiwiZG9tYWluIjoibmF0dXJhbGx5Y3VyaW91c3dpdGhtYXJ5aG9sbGFuZC53b3JkcHJlc3MuY29tIiwiZnJlcXVlbmN5IjoiMTY4IiwiZGlnZXN0IjoiMSIsImhhc19odG1sIjoiMSIsImxvY2FsZSI6ImVuIiwiYW5jaG9yX3RleHQiOiJOYXR1cmFsbHkgQ3VyaW91cyIsIl9kciI6bnVsbCwiX2RsIjoiXC8iLCJfZW4iOiJ3cGNvbV9lbWFpbF9jbGljayIsIl90cyI6MTU2MzAyNzU1ODEzMywiYnJvd3Nlcl90eXBlIjoicGhwLWFnZW50IiwiX2F1YSI6IndwY29tLXRyYWNrcy1jbGllbnQtdjAuMyIsIl91bCI6bnVsbCwiYmxvZ190eiI6Ii00IiwidXNlcl9sYW5nIjpudWxsfQ=&_z=z>,
 second 
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 | Categories: Book 
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 Naturally 
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 Naturally Curious, second 
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Mary Holland posted: "Robber flies are a special group of predatory flies that 
possess stout, spiny legs, a dense moustache of bristles on the front of the 
head (mystax) that protects the robber fly's head when it encounters struggling 
or stinging prey, and three simple eyes i"
New post on Naturally Curious with Mary Holland
[https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/cropped-naturally-curious.jpg?w=32]
[http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/2f68fa0a2118c80811a23d5613ffacbc?s=50&d=identicon&r=G]<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fauthor%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland%2F&sr=1&signature=9ab33e1e26e5e2dfc2682d1f6c4aa2d2&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>
Bumble Bee-Mimicking Robber 
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[7-10-19 robber fly 0U1A0212]Robber flies are a special group of predatory 
flies that possess stout, spiny legs, a dense moustache of bristles on the 
front of the head (mystax) that protects the robber fly's head when it 
encounters struggling or stinging prey, and three simple eyes in a depression 
between two large compound eyes.

Certain robber flies resemble bumble bees. The evolutionary advantages of a 
harmless organism mimicking a harmful organism (Batesian mimicry) include 
deterring predators that are fearful of stinging bees. In addition, it also 
makes it more likely that a potential prey insect will come closer to the bee 
mimic, thinking the “bee” is looking for nectar or pollen, not a meaty meal.

A quick way to distinguish a robber fly from a bumble bee is to look at the 
antennae and wings. Flies usually have short, stubby antennae; bees, including 
bumble bees, have "elbowed" antennae (an obvious joint). Flies have two wings, 
while bumble bees (and most other insects) have four. The pointed, stout 
proboscis, bearded face, fleshy feet and long, tapering abdomen of robber flies 
are also identifying characteristics. (Photo: Laphria thoracica piercing a 
click beetle between the beetle's hardened outer wings (elytra) in order to 
inject enzymes which will eventually allow the robber fly to drink its prey.)

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Mary 
Holland<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fauthor%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland%2F&sr=1&signature=9ab33e1e26e5e2dfc2682d1f6c4aa2d2&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>
 | July 10, 2019 at 7:19 am | Tags: Laphria 
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July<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fcategory%2Fjuly%2F&sr=1&signature=5e7d0c6669d763df9fe21f2ec365336c&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>,
 Robber 
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Mary Holland posted: "Caterpillars, the larval stage of moths and butterflies, 
are very susceptible to predators (escaping quickly is not an option). Much of 
their energy in this stage is devoted to defense mechanisms to thwart would-be 
predators. A partial list of these def"
New post on Naturally Curious with Mary Holland
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Black Swallowtail Larvae Defending 
Themselves<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2F2019%2F07%2F08%2Fblack-swallowtail-larvae-defending-themselves%2F&sr=1&signature=08bea709b126ab8e2fa375252231d856&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>
by Mary 
Holland<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fauthor%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland%2F&sr=1&signature=9ab33e1e26e5e2dfc2682d1f6c4aa2d2&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=eyJlcnJvciI6bnVsbCwiYmxvZ19pZCI6MTE4OTI1MzEsImJsb2dfbGFuZyI6ImVuIiwic2l0ZV9pZF9sYWJlbCI6IndwY29tIiwiZW1haWxfbmFtZSI6ImVtYWlsX3N1YnNjcmlwdGlvbiIsIl91dCI6ImFub24iLCJfdWkiOiI4YTMyODAwZmY0MmE1NzZhYTc4YTc2NmRjZDM5OGIwYiIsImVtYWlsX2lkIjoiZWE2ZjUxZjQ4MjlkMGU1OTc5ODc5NDkwMzM2MGZlNmEiLCJkYXRlX3NlbnQiOiIyMDE5LTA3LTEzIiwiZG9tYWluIjoibmF0dXJhbGx5Y3VyaW91c3dpdGhtYXJ5aG9sbGFuZC53b3JkcHJlc3MuY29tIiwiZnJlcXVlbmN5IjoiMTY4IiwiZGlnZXN0IjoiMSIsImhhc19odG1sIjoiMSIsImxvY2FsZSI6ImVuIiwiYW5jaG9yX3RleHQiOiJNYXJ5IEhvbGxhbmQiLCJfZHIiOm51bGwsIl9kbCI6IlwvIiwiX2VuIjoid3Bjb21fZW1haWxfY2xpY2siLCJfdHMiOjE1NjMwMjc1NTgxMzcsImJyb3dzZXJfdHlwZSI6InBocC1hZ2VudCIsIl9hdWEiOiJ3cGNvbS10cmFja3MtY2xpZW50LXYwLjMiLCJfdWwiOm51bGwsImJsb2dfdHoiOiItNCIsInVzZXJfbGFuZyI6bnVsbH0&_z=z>

[7-8-19 black swallowtail larva 0U1A0103]Caterpillars, the larval stage of 
moths and butterflies, are very susceptible to predators (escaping quickly is 
not an option). Much of their energy in this stage is devoted to defense 
mechanisms to thwart would-be predators. A partial list of these defenses 
includes irritating bristles with detachable tips (Tussock Moths), toxic 
“breath” (Tobacco Hornworms, consumers of tomato plants, tobacco and other 
plants in the nightshade family, release toxic, bad-smelling nicotine), toxic 
bodies (Monarchs) and anti-coagulant venom (Giant Silkworm Moths).

Black Swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes) larvae defense mechanism strategies 
change as they develop. In early stages, or instars, they mimic bird droppings 
(not an appealing meal for most predators) and older larvae possess bright 
yellow-orange, horn-like organs behind the head known as osmeteria (see photo 
inset). When threatened, larvae rear up, extrude the osmeterium, and attempt to 
smear potential predators with a chemical repellent.

Black Swallowtail larvae are frequently sought after by parasitoids, which can 
locate their hosts by chemicals in the hosts' feces (frass). To decrease their 
chances of being parasitized, Black Swallowtail larvae toss their fecal pellets 
away from themselves with their mandibles.

To learn much more about both moth and butterfly larvae, go to 
http://www.thecaterpillarlab.org.

Naturally Curious is supported by donations. If you choose to contribute, you 
may go to 
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 and click on the yellow “donate” button.

Mary 
Holland<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fauthor%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland%2F&sr=1&signature=9ab33e1e26e5e2dfc2682d1f6c4aa2d2&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>
 | July 8, 2019 at 7:44 am | Tags: Papilio 
polyxenes<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Ftag%2Fpapilio-polyxenes%2F&sr=1&signature=e61e4aee0b8ac14037bebb9c72d951d0&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>
 | Categories: Black 
Swallowtail<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fcategory%2Fblack-swallowtail%2F&sr=1&signature=e85337ffbb6c49116ed4598d7feacd3f&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>,
 
Caterpillars<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fcategory%2Fcaterpillars%2F&sr=1&signature=a1293705feda30b6c29d5d1656640cc5&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>,
 Defense 
Mechanisms<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fcategory%2Fdefense-mechanisms%2F&sr=1&signature=2c066a31ea11baa73a10ff706bad381f&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>,
 
July<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fcategory%2Fjuly%2F&sr=1&signature=5e7d0c6669d763df9fe21f2ec365336c&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>,
 
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 The Caterpillar 
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Uncategorized<https://public-api.wordpress.com/bar/?stat=groovemails-events&bin=wpcom_email_click&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com%2Fcategory%2Funcategorized%2F&sr=1&signature=fff25c2ebbe51d3ddab30545917d2c88&user=8a32800ff42a576aa78a766dcd398b0b&_e=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&_z=z>
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